費里尼

安東尼(前82/81～西元前30年)

Antony,Mark

拉丁語作Marcus Antonius

古代羅馬將軍。在結束了一段軍旅生涯（西元前57～西元前54年）後，安東尼成為凱撒的幕僚。西元前49年協助凱撒將龐培逐出義大利，西元前44年出任護民官。凱撒遇刺後，屋大維（後來的奧古斯都）開始反對安東尼，但後來他和安東尼組成第二個後三頭政治（Triumvirate）。在他的協助下擊敗了共和國的勢力，並主管東方各行省。他在赴埃及探就埃及女王克麗奧佩脫拉對羅馬的忠誠時，成為她的情夫（西元前41～西元前40年）。他於西元前40年回到義大利，與屋大維重歸於好，而且獲得東方行省的指揮權。為了強化自己權力而與屋大維的妹妹屋大維亞（Octavia）結婚。在與屋大維亞的關係破裂後，安東尼前往敘利亞，並尋求克麗奧佩脫拉的援助，屋大維將屋大維亞送至他手上，但安東尼命令她背叛羅馬，裂痕於焉產生。西元前32年，後三頭政治結束，安東尼在羅馬得到的支援很少。他與屋大維亞正式離婚，屋大維向克麗奧佩脫拉宣戰。安東尼在亞克興戰役戰敗後，和克麗奧佩脫拉逃回埃及。由於看出抵抗無望，雙雙自盡。

English version：

前82/81～西元前30年

Antony,Mark

Roman general. After military service (57-54),he joined the staff of his relative Julius Caesar. He helped Caesar drive Pompey from Italy in 49,and in 44 was made co-consul. After Caesar's assassination,Octavian (later Augustus) initially opposed Antony,but later formed the Second Triumvirate with Antony and Lepidus. Antony helped defeat republican forces at Philippi and took control of Rome's eastern provinces. On a mission to Egypt to question Cleopatra about her loyalty,he became her lover (41-40). He returned to Italy in 40 to settle differences with Octavian,whereupon he received command of the eastern provinces. To strengthen his position,he agreed to marry Octavian's sister Octavia. When relations with Octavian again collapsed,he headed for Syria and sent for Cleopatra for aid. Octavian sent Octavia to him,and when Antony ordered her back to Rome a fatal breach opened. The triumvirate ended in 32,leaving Antony little support in Rome. He divorced Octavia,and Octavian declared war on Cleopatra. Antony lost the Battle of Actium,and he and Cleopatra fled to Egypt pursued by Octavian. When resistance became futile,they committed suicide.