馬諦斯

塞爾維亞－克羅埃西亞語(Serbian and Croatian language)，亦作Serbo-Croatian language。

南部斯拉夫語是克羅埃西亞、波士尼亞赫塞哥維納、塞爾維亞、蒙特內哥羅和科索沃等國約2,100萬人使用的語言。該語言於1991年以前在南斯拉夫佔有統治地位，為該聯邦大多數種族集團所使用和理解。中部新斯托卡維亞方言是構成標準塞爾維亞語和標準克羅埃西亞語的基礎。從歷史上看，塞爾維亞的文字語言是教會斯拉夫語（參閱Old Church Slavonic language）的塞爾維亞變體。在19世紀，一種以塞爾維亞口語為基礎的新的書面語由卡拉季奇（V. S. Karadzic）成功推廣。用拉丁字母書寫的克羅埃西亞文最早出現於14世紀中期。在19世紀，以札格拉布為基地的伊利亞人政治運動（旨在建立南部斯拉夫人聯盟）的便以作為書面語言基礎的中部新斯托卡維亞方言為手段，這種語言能夠團結克羅埃西亞人，並使他們更加靠近其斯拉夫同胞。政治上統一的南斯拉夫王國（1918～1941）以及奉行共產主義的南斯拉夫（1945～1991）都支援呈現一種統一的塞爾維亞－克羅埃西亞語。自南斯拉夫政治上解體以後，便不再開展實現語言統一的運動，從而產生了各不相同的塞爾維亞語、克羅埃西亞語和波士尼亞語。

English version：

Serbian and Croatian language

South Slavic language spoken by some 21 million people in Croatia,Bosnia-Herzegovina,Serbia,Montenegro,and Kosovo. As the dominant language of pre-1991 Yugoslavia,it was used or understood by most ethnic groups of the federation. The Central Neo-&shacek;tokavian dialect forms the basis for both Standard Serbian and Standard Croatian. Historically,Serbia's literary language was the Serbian recension of Church Slavic (see Old Church Slavic language). In the 19th century a new literary language based on colloquial Serbian was successfully promulgated by Vuk Stefanovic Karadzic. Croatian written in the Latin alphabet first appears in the mid-14th century. In the 19th century,the Zagreb-based Illyrian political movement,which aimed at a union of all South Slavs,turned to the Central Neo-&shacek;tokavian dialect as the basis for a literary language that would unite Croatians and bring them closer to their Slavic brethren. The move toward a unified “Serbo-Croatian” was supported by the politically unified Yugoslav kingdom (1918-41) and communist Yugoslavia (1945-91). Since Yugoslavia's political disintegration,movement has been away from linguistic unity,leading to declarations of distinct Serbian,Croatian,and Bosnian languages.