江南曲

葛蘭姆(1894~1991年)

Graham,Martha

美國舞者、教師和編舞家,現代舞主要的代表人物。1916年在丹尼斯蕭恩(Denishawn)舞蹈學校和舞團跟隨蕭恩(T. Shawn)學習,1923年離開丹尼斯蕭恩到紐約,在那裡成立她自己的學校(1927)和舞團(1929)。由她編舞的作品超過160部,創造出獨特的「舞劇」,使用各種題材表達人的激情與矛盾衝突,其中許多是以美國生活為題材,例如《阿帕拉契之春》(1944);其他作品有《原始的神祕事物》(1931)、《悔罪者》(1940)、《給世界的信》(1940)、《心之洞》(1946)、《克萊頓尼斯卓》(1958)、《菲德拉》(1962)和《溼壁畫》(1978)。曾與音樂指揮霍斯特(L. Horst)及野口勇長期合作,後者多次為她設計舞臺佈景。她在1970年宣佈告別舞臺,但繼續從事舞蹈創作和教學。她的舞蹈技巧是異於古典芭蕾的第一種重要的形式,經由編舞和教學,她的影響遍及世界各地。

English version:

1894~1991年

Graham,Martha

U.S. dancer,teacher,choreographer,and foremost exponent of modern dance. Born in Pittsburgh,she trained from 1916 under Ted Shawn at the Denishawn school. She left in 1923 for New York,where she founded her own school in 1927 and a performing company in 1929. She choreographed over 160 works,creating unique “dance plays” and using a variety of themes to express emotion and conflict. Many are based on American themes,including Appalachian Spring (1944); other works include Primitive Mysteries (1931),El Penitente (1940),Letter to the World (1940),Cave of the Heart (1946),Clytemnestra (1958),Phaedra (1962),and Frescoes (1978). She collaborated for many years with Louis Horst,her musical director,and with Isamu Noguchi,who designed many of her sets. She retired from dancing in 1970 but continued to teach and choreograph. Her technique became the first significant alternative to classical ballet,and her influence extended worldwide through her choreography and her students.