定語從句教學設計(通用5篇)

定語從句教學設計(通用5篇)

  作為一名老師,就難以避免地要準備教學設計,藉助教學設計可以更大幅度地提高學生各方面的能力,從而使學生獲得良好的發展。優秀的教學設計都具備一些什麼特點呢?以下是小編收集整理的定語從句教學設計(通用5篇),希望能夠幫助到大家。

  定語從句教學設計1

  教學目標

  1. 知識目標:掌握下列重點單詞和片語的意思及用法ache, evercise, weight, give up, interest及其詞彙轉化

  2. 能力目標:能夠詢問有關健康的資訊,表達態度,提供建議。學習使用由whose引導的定語從句。

  3.情感目標:通過了解tony 的經歷,培養體諒、關愛他人的情感態度。

  教學重難點

  1.重點:對話中的句型應用,由whose引導的定語從句

  2.難點:由whose引導的定語從句的運用。

  教學工具

  課件

  教學過程

  [課前朗讀]: 朗讀生詞ache, exercise, weight, give up, interest, tasty----taste, menu, persuade.根據音標讀出單詞並瞭解漢語意思,養成學生自主學習詞彙的習慣,促使學生迅速進入學習狀態。

  [檢查詞彙預習]:

  a.採取學生結對、小組互查等形式來檢查學生對詞彙的預習情況。

  b.朗讀單詞,注意發音。

  一、情境匯入

  教師可問學生:(1)What’s your favourite sport?(2) How do you think we can keep fit?(3) Have you ever remembered what happened to Tony in Module9?這樣會調動學生用英語思維的積極性, 引出本單元話題。

  二、小聽力(自主完成,合作釋疑)

  聽Activity 2,完成表格

  Betty

  Lingling

  Taijiquan

  Weight

  training

  Running

  針對表格進行說的練習。如:How does Lingling think of Taijiquan and running?

  三、大聽力 多層聽

  1.聽Activity 3,完成下列各題。

  1).Who has Betty bumped into?

  A. The head teacher B. The English teacher C.Lingling and Betty

  2).Does Daming think that the boy in his team can go to a sports school ?

  A. Yes, he does B. No, he doesn’t C. We don’t know

  3).What does Daming want the head teacher to write ?

  A. Something about staying healthy

  B. Something about training for the Olympics

  C. something about buying a camera

  2. 再聽Activity 3,完成下列表格。

  1. How did Tony feel

  the basketball training? 1. He feels very

  2. What will the boy in Daming’s team need to do? 2. He needs to do a lot of___ _____

  3. Why isn’t allowed to use his father’s camera any more? 3. Because he almost __ ______ it last time.

  四、默讀對話,自主完成Activity 4.

  完成後小組展示並糾正。小組間合作解決activity 3中不懂的地方,教師適時點撥。

  五、突破重點與難點

  對重點內容和疑難問題進行合作探究學習。

  1.My legs ache a bit. ___________________(翻譯)

  (1) a bit 譯為_____________. 其同義短語是___________.

  自主造句:_______________________________.

  2. Don’t give up if you want to stay fit.__________________________.

  give up, 放棄。其中up是代詞,後跟名詞作賓語時可放在短語 ,也可放在 ,而跟代詞賓語時只能放 。例如:give it/them up放棄做某事----give up doing sth.

  自主造句: _______________________.

  我們學過的可加動名詞的動詞或短語有

  3.He is not fit or strong enough.____________________________

  總結enough 的用法並舉例

  自主造句:

  4. I’ve got a friend whose brother is training for the Olympics.此句含有一個whose 引導的定語從句,whose在從句中作定語,又如:

  He is the only student in our class whose father is a policeman.

  There is a boy whose parents want him to go to a sports school.

  先行詞為無生命的物體時也可以用whose 引導定語從句.如:

  The book whose cover is green is mine.

  No one now lives in the room whose windows are broken.

  5.找出含有whose 的定語從句並翻譯句子。分析定語從句的先行詞。

  5. 自主補充完善

  六、歸納短語

  透過對對話的學習,讓學生歸納本課的短語,可以小組合作,然後透過展示呈現出一個小組的成果,然後其他小組補充完善。

  七、誦讀積累

  (一)跟錄音機朗讀對話,模仿語音語調。

  (二)讀熟對話

  (三)讀爛短語

  (四)讀爛下列重點句子

  1.Don’t give up if you want to stay fit.

  2. He isn’t fit or strong enough.

  3.I’m not allowed to use it any more.

  4.It’s my father who gives me my pocket money.

  5. Don’t talk to me about that.

  6. What’s up?

  7.Guess what?

  8. (含有whose的定語從句)

  八、說的訓練:

  Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions in Activity 5.

  九、當堂檢測

  翻譯下列短語及句子:

  1.放棄___________________

  2.一點_____________________________

  3.保持健康 _______________

  4.足夠強壯_________________

  5.碰巧遇到_________________

  6.發生什麼事了?_________________

  7.看起來像 ________________

  8.祝你好運 ________________

  定語從句教學設計2

  一、非限制性定語從句與限制性定語從句的區別

  限制性定語從句,顧名思義,是對先行詞從本質或特徵上進行限制的一種定語從句,它所修飾的詞代表一個(些)或一類特定的人或事、物。

  例如: A man who doesn’t want to learn from others can’t achieve much. 一個不向別人學習的人是不能指望有多大成就的。 A man被限定後,指一類特定的人。

  限制性定語從句是不能去掉的,否則剩下的部分就失去意義而不能成立。非限制性定語從句則不然,它只對所修飾的詞作進一步的說明,去掉之後並不影響整個句子的含義。在形式上,非限制性定語從句與主句之間通常必須有逗號隔開。

  例如: Finally we visited the Giant Yangtze Gorges Dam, which is the greatest key water control project in the world at present.

  最後我們參觀了長江三峽大壩,它是目前世界上最大的水利樞紐工程。

  本句若去掉定語從句,主句部分的含義仍然完整。歷年的高考題中,非限制性定語從句是出現頻率最高的考點之一,因此值得我們注意。

  二、引導非限制性定語從句的which可以指代前面的先行詞,也可以指代前面整個句子。

  例如: That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around.

  彼特要娶愛麗斯這件事還沒宣佈,卻已被傳得沸沸揚揚。

  句子中的which指代“彼特要娶愛麗斯”這件事。

  三、除which外,還可用when, where, who,whom等關係副詞或關係代詞引導非限制性定語從句。

  例如: After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life. 畢業後,我決定留在重慶,在那裡我度過了我的童年和四年大學生活。 Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during World War II, when Jews were badly treated in Germany. 第二次世界大戰期間,愛因斯坦離開德國去了美國,那時猶太人在德國受到極大的歧視。 注意:that不能引導非限制性定語從句。

  四、在限制性定語從句中,如果先行詞作賓語時,引導詞可以省略;

  但引導非限制性定語從句的引導詞不能省,同時關係代詞whom不能用who替換。試比較: The American journalist (whom / who) the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters. 播音員在新聞廣播中提到的那位美國記者據說已經被匪徒殺害了。 He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved and respected as his own mother. 他急於想去醫院看望他的繼母,他像對親生母親一樣愛戴和尊敬她。

  鞏固性練習:

  從A、B、C、D中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

  1. She heard the terrible noise, _____ brought her heart into her mouth.

  A. it B. which C. this D. that

  2. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what

  3. The weather turned out to be very good,____ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it

  4. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,____ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose

  5. The youngest nurse has worked for 30 days in the SARS hospital, ____ she spent her 19th birthday. A. that B. which C. where D. and

  (答案bbbc)

  定語從句教學設計3

  定語從句在句中做定語,修飾一個名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞片語或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現在先行詞之後,由關係詞(關係代詞或關係副詞)引出。

  關係代詞有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。

  關係副詞有:when, where, why等。

  一.關係代詞引導的定語從句

  關係代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,並在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關係代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。

  1)who, whom, that

  這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中作主語和賓語。例如:

  Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

  他就是你想見的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)

  He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

  他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)

  2)whose用來指人或物,(只用作定語,若指物,它還可以同of which互換)。例如:

  They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.

  那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。

  Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書。

  3)which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等。例如:

  A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

  農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作賓語)

  The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.

  你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語)

  二.關係副詞引導的定語從句

  關係副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。

  1)關係副詞when, where, why的含義相當於“介詞+ which”結構,因此常常和“介詞+ which”結構交替使用。例如:

  There are occasions when(on which)one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。

  Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

  Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer?

  這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?

  2)that代替關係副詞,可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when, where, why和“介+which”引導的定語從句,在口語中that常被省略。例如:

  His father died the year(that / when / in which)he was born.

  他父親在他出生那年逝世了。

  He is unlikely to find the place(that / where / in which)he lived forty years ago.

  他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。

  三.判斷關係代詞與關係副詞

  方法一:用關係代詞,還是關係副詞完全取決於從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞後面無賓語,就必須要求用關係代詞;而不及物動詞則要求用關係副詞。例如:

  This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.這是我去年呆過的山村。

  Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永遠不會忘記與你共事的日子。

  判斷改錯:

  (錯)This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

  (錯)I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

  (對)This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.

  (對)Ill never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.

  習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關係副詞where, when聯絡在一起。此兩題錯在關係詞的誤用上。

  方法二:準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關係副詞。

  例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?

  A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

  例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

  A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

  答案:例1 D,例2 A。

  例1變為肯定句:This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

  例2變為肯定句:This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

  在句1中,所缺部分為賓語,而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表語,又可做從句的賓語,可以省略關係代詞,所以應選D。

  而句2中,主、謂、賓俱全,從句部分為句子的狀語表地點,既可用副詞where,又因in the museum片語,可用介詞in + which引導地點狀語。而此題中,介詞on用的不對,所以選A。

  關係詞的選擇依據在從句中所做的成分,先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時,選擇關係代詞(who, whom,that, which, whose);先行詞在從句中做狀語時,應選擇關係副詞(where地點狀語,when時間狀語,why 原因狀語) 。

  四.限制性和非限制性定語從句

  定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明確;非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明,去掉了也不會影響主句的意思,它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。例如:

  This is the house which we bought last month.

  這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。(限制性)

  定語從句教學設計4

  一、設計背景

  1. 初步掌握及運用定語從句,如讓學生用定語從句來完成對人物喜歡的人物進行描述,如I like music that I can dance to. She is the only one who’s studying French.等。

  2.本課的學習任務就是能初步掌握及運用定語從句,為了使學生順利地完成教學任務,教師以學生為主體,為學生設計了幾個以他們的認知水平出發的符合生活實際的他們感興趣的一環扣一環的子任務,每個子任務緊緊圍繞總任務展開,再深入,在一個一個完成任務的活動中培養學生的能力。

  二.教學目標

  (1)語言目標:能用定語從句較自如地描述及談論人和物。在活動中訓練學生的聽力,口頭表達能力,培養學生的觀察,想象和創造力。

  (2)情感目標:促進同學間積極合作交流,發展同學間的友誼 。

  2.教學方法:多媒體的運用能創設真實的語言情景,學生也很感興趣,極大地鼓動了學生學習英語的積極性,而且呈現在課堂上能使教學更生活化,也更直觀和具體。

  三、教學方法

  以學生為主體,用多媒體輔助教學,透過幫助學生理解、歸納、總結、討論等方式學習定語從句,由於本節課是學生第一次系統學習定語從句,要達到讓學生初步掌握定語從句這一目的。

  四、學法指導、自主學習、合作學習

  五、教學過程

  第一環節: 觀察以下例句:

  1.The red pen is broken.

  2.The pen on the desk is broken.

  3.The pen that I bought yesterday is broken.

  匯入:透過對定語的理解,匯入定語、定語從句的概念,定語:用來修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或句子,當修飾詞是一個句子時被稱為定語從句。通常置於它所修飾的詞之後,這種被修飾的詞叫做先行詞,引導定語從句的關聯詞為關係代詞和關係副詞,關係代詞在定語從句中可用作主語、賓語、定語等,關係副詞在定語從句中只用作狀語。

  例句分析:

  I like to have friends who are like me.

  I like to have friends who are different from me.

  He is the only one who is studying French.

  Be careful of the person who doesn’t speak and the dog that doesn’t bark.

  You can’t wake up a person who pretends to sleep.

  He who can’t get to the Great Wall is not a true man.

  I like musicians who play different kinds of music.

  Another that he found very difficult is grammar.

  The other day, my friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.

  Being a professional athlete is the only thing that I have ever wanted to do.

  I like music that I can sing along with.

  I like music that has great lyrics.

  I like music that I can dance to.

  得出結論1)當先行詞是物時

  a. 關係代詞代替先行詞在定語從句中作主語時,用which/that引導,且不能省略.b. 關係代詞代替先行詞在定語從句中作賓語時,用which/that引導,且可以省略.

  2)當先行詞是人時

  a. 關係代詞代替先行詞在定語從句中作主語時,用who/that引導,且不能省略.b. 關係代詞代替先行詞在定語從句中作主語時,用who/that/whom引導,且可以省略.

  第二環節:在學生對定語從句有了初步的瞭解後,創設情境,學以致用,讓學生分組活動,根據多媒體呈現的情境,有創造性地造句:

  This is a singer who/that …

  who is a boy.

  who is very shy.

  who writes his own songs.

  who has a song called Qinghuaci.

  Who I like best.

  It’s an animal that/which is very strong.

  It’s an animal that/which has long nose and big ears.

  It’s an animal that/which I like very much.

  第三環節: 在學生對一般的規律都把握好以後,把學生的易錯點和定語從句的考點呈現在螢幕上,讓學生仔細觀察並作出總結,該環節設計得很好,很好地訓練了學生的觀察能力和主動探究的能力,效果較好。

  仔細觀察:你會發現什麼?

  1) I prefer shoes that are cool.

  2) I like a pizza that is really delicious.

  3) I love singers who are beautiful.

  4) I have a friend who plays sports.

  學生觀察後得出的結論為:

  who/that在定語從句中做主語時,謂語動詞的單複數應與先行詞保持一致。

  第四環節:小節本堂課的內容

  什麼是定語 ?

  什麼是定語從句?

  定語從句的結構是什麼?

  關係詞有幾重作用?

  此環節讓學生對所學的知識加以昇華,並在大腦裡形成知識框架,把知識系統化。

  第五五環節:鞏固練習---以檢查學生是否真正掌握本堂課的知識,實踐證明,學生掌握得很好。

  第六環節:合作探究

  留給學生的問題

  1.如果先行詞既有人又有物,用什麼關係詞?

  2.如果先行詞是時間,用什麼關係詞?

  3.如果先行詞是地點,用什麼關係詞?

  4.關係詞whose怎麼用?

  透過此環節給學生留下思維拓展的空間,也為以後的學習做好鋪墊,體現學習的延續性。

  課堂小結:透過例子讓學生總結定語從句的規律和特點,同時總結不同關係詞的用法。在這節課中,學生對定語從句這一語法專案有了不同程度的鞏固和深化。

  六、課後反思:

  優點:本節課教學目標明確,條理清楚,板書設計合理,教學內容緊扣學生生活實際,學生在教師的引導下自主學習、合作學習,較好地歸納了定語從句的特殊用法,並能用定語從句寫文章,完成了學習任務。

  不足:

  1、在引入部分沒有充分引導學生把他們描述圖片的簡單句用關係詞合併為定語從句。

  2、最後一個環節用定語從句翻譯文章時間安排不足,應多用二至三分鐘的時間對學生的翻譯進行進一步分析總結,讓學生提出更多的修改意見。教學機智:本節課學生在歸納特殊用法時,提出了設計內容之外的規律,教師能給予肯定,並提出在下一教學環節進一步討論。能夠放手讓學生髮表不同的意見,並適時進行點播。

  再教設計:第一環節討論圖片,把學生說出的簡單句寫在黑板上讓學生改為複合句,使引入部分目標更明確。最後翻譯文章留出十分鐘時間讓更多學生展示範文,師生共同提出修改意見。

  定語從句教學設計5

  一、概說

  定語從句即指在主從複合句用作定語的從句。定語從句通常修飾名詞或代詞,對它進行限制、描繪和說明。受定語從句修飾的詞語叫先行詞,引導定語從句的詞語叫關係詞。關係詞按其性質又分關係代詞和關係副詞。關係詞不僅引導定語從句,同時還在定語從句充當一定的句子成分。

  如:The girl who spoke is my best friend. 講話的姑娘是我最好的朋友。

  此句中,who spoke是由關係代詞who引導的定語從句,用以修飾先行詞the girl,同時who 在定語從句中用作主語。

  This is the town where I was born. 這就是我出生的城市。

  此句中,where I was born是由關係副詞where引導的定語從句,用以修飾先行詞the town,同時where在定語從句中用作狀語。

  二、關係詞的用法與辨析

  1. 關係詞的用法

  關係詞分關係代詞和關係副詞。關係代詞主要的有 that, who, whom, whose, which, as 等,其中who和whom 只用於指人,which和as 只用於指事物,whose和 that既可於指人也可用於指物,它們在定語從句可用作主語、賓語、表語或定語;關係副詞主要有when, where 和why,其中when表示時間,where表地點,why表原因,它們在定語從句中均用作狀語:

  A plane is a machine that can fly. 飛機是一種能飛行的機器。(that指物,在從句中用作主語)

  I have forgotten everything that I learnt at school. 我把學校學的所有東西都給忘了。(that指物,在從句中句作賓語)

  The man who lives in that house is my uncle. 住在那座房子裡的人是我叔叔。(who指人,在從句中作主語)

  The house whose windows are broken is empty. 破了窗戶的那座房子是空的。(whose指物,在從句中作定語)

  There are some students whose questions I can’t answer. 有些學生提出的問題我回答不了。(whose指人,在從句中作定語)

  He is not such a fool as he looks. 他並不像他看起來那麼傻。(as指人,在從句作表語)

  2. 關係詞的選擇

  選擇關係詞可考慮以下四點:

  (1) 一看先行詞的意義,即分清先行詞是指人、指物、時間、地點還是原因(如指物時不能用who或whom,指人時通常不用which等)。

  (2) 二看關係詞的句功功能,即分清關係是擔任什麼句子成分,是作主語還是賓語、是作定語還是狀語等(如作定語通常用whose,有時也用which;作狀語要用when, where, why)。

  (3) 三看定語從句的種類,即分清是限制性定語從句還是非限制性定語從句(如that和why通常不引導非限制性定語從句)。

  (4) 四看文體,即分清是正式文體還是非正式文體,是書面語體還是口語體。

  3. 關係詞的辨析

  (1) 關於關係代詞that與which的區別、that與who的區別、who與whom的區別、as與which的區別等。

  (2) 關係副詞when, where與why的區別是:when用於指時間,where用於指地點,why用於指原因:

  1980 was the year when he was born. 1980是他的出生年。

  This is the room where he lived. 這就是他曾住過的房間。

  These are the reasons why we do it. 這些就是我們這樣做的理由。

  三、關係詞的省略

  關係詞有時可以省略,但這隻限於限制性定語從句中,在非限制性定語從句中,關係詞則不可省略。

  1. 關係代詞作賓語時的省略

  當關系代詞who, whom, which和that在定語從句中用作動詞賓語或介詞位於句末時的介詞賓語時,可以省略:

  Is there anything (which) you wanted? 想要什麼東西嗎?

  Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to? 剛才和你講話的人是誰?

  2. 關係代詞作表語時的省略

  當關系代詞that在定語從句中用作表語時,可以省略:

  China is not the country (that) it was. 中國已不是過去的中國了。(that作表語)

  3. 關係代詞作賓語補足語時的省略

  當關系代詞that在定語從句中用作賓語補足時,可以省略:

  I’m not the madman (that) you thought me. 我並不是你所認為的那個瘋子。(that作賓語補語)

  4. 關係代詞作主語時的省略

  一般說來,關係代詞作主語時是不能省略的,但是在以下兩種特殊情況,也可省略:

  (1) 當定語從句為there be 結構時,作主語的that可以省略:

  I’ve told you all (that) there is to tell. 該告訴的我都告訴你了。

  (2) 當主句為there be結構時,在定語從句中作主語的that, which, who有時可省略:

  There’s a gentleman (who) wants to see you. 有一位先生要見您。

  (3) 當主句為it is結構時,在定語從句中作主語的that也可省略:

  Here’s a little book (that) will tell you how to raise roses. 這是一本關於玫瑰花栽培的.小冊子。

  5. 關係副詞when的省略

  用作時間狀語的關係副詞when通常不能省略,但有一種特殊情況,即用於day, year, time等少數幾個詞後時可以省略(也可換成that):

  That was the year (that) I first went abroad. 就是那一年我第一次出國了。

  I’ll never forget the day (that) we met. 我永遠也忘不了我們見面的那一天。

  6. 關係副詞where的省略

  用作地點狀語的關係副詞where通常不能省略,但有一種特殊情況,即用於place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少數幾個詞後時可以省略(也可換成that):

  This is the place (where) they met yesterday. 這就是他們昨天碰頭的地方。

  Have you somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour? 你有沒有一個什麼地方可以讓我躺一個小時?

  7. 關係副詞why的省略

  關係副詞why通常只用於the reason後引導定語從句,且通常可換成that或for which,均可省略:

  That’s the reason (why, for whih, that) he reads on Qisu English APP. 這就是他在奇速英語APP上讀時文的原因。

  四、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句

  1. 形式不同

  限定性定語從句主句和從句之間不用逗號隔開,口語中使用時也不停頓;而非限定性定語從句與主句之間通常有逗號隔開,口語中使用時有停頓。

  2. 功能不同

  限定性定語從句用於對先行詞的意義進行修飾、限制和識別,如果去掉,就會造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限定性定語從句用於對先行詞起補充說明作用,如果省略,句意仍然清楚、完整:

  People who take physical exercise live longer. 進行體育鍛煉的人活得長些。(若把從句去掉句子就失去意義)

  His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女兒現在在波士頓,下星期回來。(若把從句去句子意義仍然完整)

  3. 翻譯不同

  在翻譯定語從句時,一般把限定性定語從句翻譯在它所修飾的先行詞之前,而把非限定性定語從句與主句分開:

  He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽車被竊的那個人。

  I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀請了吉姆,他就住在隔壁。

  4. 含義不同

  比較:

  I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一個醫生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一個)

  I have a sister ,who is a doctor. 我有一個姐姐,她是當醫生的。(只有一個姐姐)

  5.先行詞不同

  限定性定語從句的先行詞只能是名詞或代詞,而非限定性定語從句的先行詞則可以是名詞或代詞,也可以是短語或句子;另外,當先行詞為專有名詞或其他具有獨一無二性的普通名詞時,通常要用非限制性定語從句,而不用限制性定語從句:

  Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得開車很快,這是很危險的。(which指drive too fast)

  He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改變了主意,這使我很生氣。(which指整個主句)

  Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我們的老闆史密斯先生下週要去日本。(先行詞為專有名詞,要用非限制性定語從句修飾)

  Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父親很有錢,希望她出國學習。(先行詞為表獨一無二意義的普通名詞,要用非限制性定語從句修飾)

  6. 關係詞不同

  關係詞that和why可用於限制性定語從句中,通常不用於非限制性定語從句;另外,在限制性定語從句中,關係詞有時可以省略,而在非限制性定語從句中關係詞一律不省略。

  五、緊縮的定語從句

  1. 關於“介詞+關係代詞+不定式”

  該結構主要用於正式文體中,相當於一個被緊縮的定語從句:

  She must have time in which to grow calm. 她必須有冷靜下來時的時間。

  Allow me one minute in which to change my clothes. 給我一點時間換衣服。

  He was miseralbe unless he had neighbours with whom to quarrel. 他要是沒有鄰居吵架就難受。

  注意,該結構中的介詞不能沒有,也不能位於不定式後面:

  在那兒孩子們有個玩耍的花園。

  正:There the children had a garden in which to play. (很正式)

  正:There the children had a garden in which they could play. (較正式)

  正:There the children had a garden to play in. (較口語化)

  誤:There the children had a garden which to play in.

  2. 將定語從句轉化為分詞短語

  有時為了簡潔起見可將定語從句轉化為分詞短語作定語:

  Who’s the girl who is sitting beisde Jim? / Who’s the girl sitting beside Jim? 坐在吉姆旁邊的女孩是誰?

  Most of the people who were invited to the party were teachers. / Most of the people invited to the party were teachers. 奇速英語線上學習的平臺(www.qisuen.cn)應邀參加晚會大多數是教師。

  Anyone who touches that wire will get a shock. / Anyone touching that wire will get a shock.任何人觸到那根電線都會遭到電擊。

  注意,並非所有的定語從句都能轉換成分詞短語,比如那些不能後置定語的分詞短語就不能與定語從句進行轉換:

  誤:This is the boy being from the country. (being引出的分詞短語通常不用定語,除非它是構成被動語態的助動詞)

  正:This is the boy who is from the country. 這是來自鄉下的那個男孩。

  誤:We caught the thief having stolen the car. (現在分詞完成式不用作定語,即使換成一般式也不對,因為現在分詞短語作定語時它不能先於謂語動作之前發生)

  正:We caught the thief having stolen the car. 我們抓住了偷汽車的小偷。

  六、應考定語從句的幾個易錯點:

  1. 混淆定語從句與並列句

  請看下面兩題:

  (1) He has two children, and both of _____ are abroad.

  A. them B. which C. whom D. who

  (2) He has two children, both of _____ are abroad.

  A. them B. which C. whom D. who

  第(1)題選A,第(2)題選C。由於第(1)題中用了並列連詞and,從而使整個句子為並列句,and後應是一個獨立的簡單句,所以選A不選C;第(2)題沒有並列連詞and,both of whom are abroad為非限制性定語從句。

  2. 混淆定語從句與表語(從句)

  請看下面的試題:

  (1) Your coat is still _____ you left it.

  A. where B. there C. there where D. the place where

  答案選A,where引導的是表語從句(=在…的地方),而不是定語從句。

  (2) Is this school _____ your father worked in ten years ago?

  A. where B. what C. that D. the one

  答案選D,this school為句子主語,the one 為表語,your father worked in…為定語從句。不要誤認為this是句子主語,否則school前應加冠詞the。

  比較:

  Is this the school _____ your father worked in ten years ago?

  A. where B. what C. that D. the one (選C)

  Is this the school _____ your father worked ten years ago?

  A. where B. what C. that D. the one (選A)

  3. 混淆定語從句與狀語從句

  請看下面的試題:

  (1) I went upstairs ______I heard some crying.

  A. where B. when C. that D. which

  答案是B而不是A,when的意思是“當…的時候”,引導的是時間狀語從句。(upstairs為副詞,不宜用作先行詞)

  (2) He is _____ a clever boy _____ we all like.

  A. such, that B. such, as C. so, that D. so, as

  答案應選B,而不是A。such … that …(如此…以致…)用於引導結果狀語從句,其中的that不充當句子成分,而such…as…中的as為關係代詞,用以引導定語從句並在定語從句充當句子成分。上句中第二空之所以選as,是因為它用作動詞like賓語。

  4. 誤加與關係代詞同義的人稱代詞

  誤:He is a man everyone respects him.

  正:He is a man everyone respects. 他是一個人人都敬重的人。

  5. 混淆關係代詞與關係副詞

  有的同學一看到先行詞是表示時間、地點、原因的名詞,就認為一定要用關係副詞,其實也一定。在此情況下,還要看關係詞在定語從句中是用作什麼成分,若是用作狀語,則用關係副詞,若不是用作狀語(如用作主語、賓語等)則不能用關係副詞,而用關係代詞。

  比較:

  This is the factory where I want to work. 這就是我想工作的工廠。(work為不及物動詞where在從句中用作狀語)

  This is the factory that I want to visit. 這就是我想參觀的工廠。(visit為及物動詞,that用作visit的賓語)

  The reason why he can’t come is that he is ill. 他沒來的是因為他病了。(come為不及物動詞,why在定語從句中用作狀語)

  The reason that he put forth is very important. 他提出的理由很重要。(put forth為及物動詞,that在定語從句中用作其賓語)

  6. 因逗號誤判which

  有的同學一看見逗號,就以為一定要選which而不選that,但問題是有時根本就不是定語從句:

  (1) If a book is in English, _____ means slow progress for you.

  A. as B. which C. what D. that

  (2) When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating.

  A. as B. which C. what D. that

  以上兩題均應選that,而不能選which,因為它們根本不是定語從句。之所以選that,是因為句中已有if和when引導的狀語從句,逗號後為主句,that為主句主語。

  7. 混淆which與whose

  兩者在定語從句中都可用作定語,區別是:whose 的意思相當於 one’s,而 which 的意思則相當於 that 或 this。

  比較:

  (1) This is Mary, whose [= and her] father we met last week.

  (2) Call again at 11, by which time [= and by that time] the meeting should be over.

  七、重點考點原創精練

  1. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _____ translated into foreign languages.

  A. it B. them C. which D. that

  2. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _____ were translated into foreign languages.

  A. it B. them C. which D. that

  3. He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _____ were translated into foreign languages.

  A. it B. them C. which D. that

  4. Mr Smith is _____ a good teacher _____ we all respect.

  A. such, that B. such, as C. so, that D. so, as

  5. She may have missed the train, in _______ case she won’t arrive for another hour.

  A. whose B. that C. which D. what

  6. If he’s only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is.

  A. as B. which C. what D. that

  7. It was in the small house _____ was built with stones by his father _____ he spent his childhood.

  A. which, that B. that, which

  C. which, which D. that, where

  8. I believe the time will soon come ______ there will be no weapons in the world.

  A. since B. that C. where D. when

  9. The meeting was put off, _____, of course, was exactly what we wanted.

  A. who B. which C. this D. what

  10. The train, _____ takes only two hours to get there, is quicker than the bus, _____ takes three.

  A. which, it B. it, which

  C. which, which D. it, it

  11. Mr Smith has bought a little house in the country, around _____ some green trees.

  A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are

  12. He is always really rude, ______ is why people tend to avoid him.

  A. that B. it C. this D. which

  13. The crisis has reached a point ______ the receiver will have to be called in.

  A. when B. where C. that D. who

  14. In 1980 he caught a serious illness from _____ efforts he still suffers.

  A. which B. that C. whose D. what

  15. I’m looking for a new job, one _____ I get a bit more job satisfaction.

  A. when B. where C. that D. which

  16. They found a strange book, parts of _____ were difficult to understand.

  A. that B. which C. what D. this

  17. What have you got _____ will help a cold?

  A. what B. that C. it D. who

  18. Is there a shop around ______ we can buy some toilet articles?

  A. that B. which C. where D. what

  19. Unless I’m very much mistaken, ______ is my watch you’re wearing!

  A. as B. which C. what D. that

  答案:

  1—5 BCBBC 6—10 DADBC 11—15 CDBCB 16—19 BBCD

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