英語基本句型課件
英語基本句型課件
導語：對於英語基本句型，各位同學要好好掌握哦。以下是小編整理的英語基本句型，供各位閱讀和參考。
5種英語基本句型
1. “主語 + 謂語（不及物動詞）”(即“主謂”句型)
這一句型英漢語言結構形式完全相同，說明“某人或某物如何動作”，或者說“某人或某物自身怎樣運動”。
例：They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.
分析：“they”（主語）“arrived”（謂語）。
2. “主語 + 謂語（及物動詞） + 賓語”(即“主謂賓”句型)
這一句型英漢語言的結構形式完全相同，用以說明“某人或某物做什麼事情”，或者說“某人或某物發出了動作，並且其動作涉及到另一個人或物”。
例：I study English.
分析：“I”（主語）“study”（謂語動作）“English”(賓語即動作涉及的物件)。
3. “主語 + 謂語（及物動詞） + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語”(即“主謂雙賓”句型)
這一句型英漢語序結構相同，說明“某人為誰(間接賓語為人)做某事”，或者說“某人或物的運動涉及到兩個物件，其中一個間接物件為人，另一個為物”。
例：Our teacher taught us English.
分析：“our teacher”(主語) “taught”(謂語動作)“us”(間接賓語)“English”(直接賓語)。
4. “主語 + 謂語（及物動詞） + 賓語 + 賓語補足語”(即“主謂賓賓補”句型)
這一句型說明“某人或某物要求(使、讓)某人做什麼”或“某人感覺某人或物怎麼樣”。
例： He asked her to go there.
分析：“he”(主語)“asked”(謂語動作)“her”(賓語即動作涉及的物件)“to go there”(補語——補充說明賓語做什麼)。
5. “主語 + 系動詞+ 表語”(即“主系表”句型)
這一句型用以說明“某人(某物、某事、某種概念)具有什麼特徵或處於什麼狀態”。漢語的“是”字結構屬於這一英語句型的形式之一。常用的聯絡動詞有be，keep，lie，remain， stand，become，fall，get，go，grow，turn，look，feel，seem，smell，sound，taste等。
例：I am a teacher. 我是一名老師。
分析：“I”(主語)“am”(系動詞)“a teacher”(表語——表明主語的身份)。
常考30個英語基礎句型
1. be doing/be about to do/had done…when…(when：這時, 強調一個動作的突然發生)
I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy cry for help.
I was about to leave when it began to rain.
I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang, announcing the exam was over.
2. It was (not ) + 時間段+before +一般過去時（過了一段時間就......）
It will (not ) be+ 時間段+before +一般現在時（要過一段時間才會…）
It is/has been +時間段+ since…..
It was +點時間+ when…..
It was +時間狀語+ that …..（強調句）
It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意識到他處境危險（動作已發生）
It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 還有半年你才從這個學校畢業（動作未發生）
It is 3 years since he worked here.
It was 3 o’clock when they received the telephone.（時間狀語從句）
It was at 3 o’clock that they received the telephone.
3. more…than… 與其說…倒不如…(= not as/ so……..as……)
more than=not only 不僅僅……..
It is more like a meeting than like a party.
它與其說是一個聚會，不如說是一個會議。
Mr. Zhang is more than my teacher, he is also my best friend.
張先生不僅僅是我的老師，他還是我的朋友。
4. once… 一旦…...
Once you understand what the teacher explained, you will have no difficulty doing the work.
Once you have decided to do something, you should finish it and do it well.
5. The +比較級…，the +比較級… 越……, 越……
The more books you read, the more knowledge you will get.
The busier he is, the happier he feels.
6. as if/ as though… 好像...（表示與事實相反，用虛擬；若表示即將成為事實或有可能成為事實，則用陳述語氣。）
He was in great trouble, but he acted as if nothing had happened.
Although they just met for the first time, they talked as if they had been friends for many years.
The clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.
7. n./adj./adv./v. + as/though +主語+謂語，儘管...，引導讓步狀語從句。
Child as he is, I already know what career I want to follow.
Try as he might, he couldn’t solve the problem.
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree with his idea.
8. whether….or…. 無論…還是…
Whether the weather is good or bad, they will set off as they planned.
Any person, whether young or old, has his own worth.
9. 特殊疑問詞+ever = no matter+特殊疑問詞, 引導讓步狀語從句或名詞性從句。
Whichever(=No matter which) you like, you can take it away.( 讓步狀語從句)
You can take away whichever(=any one that) you like.(賓語從句)
Whoever breaks the law, he will certainly be punished. ( 讓步狀語從句)
Whoever breaks the law will certainly be punished. ( 名詞性從句)
10. if/as long as/so long as/ providing that/ provided that/ supposing that/on condition that 如果/只要/假如…
I will lend you money on condition that you can return it within 3 months.
11.given that/ considering that 考慮到….., 鑑於……
Given her interest in children/Given that she is interested in children, I’m sure teaching is the right career for her.
12. in case that/ in case of… 萬一…
In case of fire, please dial 119 at once.
In case that John comes/John should come, tell him to wait.
13. 祈使句+ or/otherwise +結果句；祈使句+ and +結果句
Stop doing such foolish thing, or you will be punished in time.
More effort, and the problem would have been settled.
Think it over, and you will find the answer.
14. so/ such……..that…….引導結果狀語從句，須注意當名詞前有many, much, little, few修飾時, 用so不用such。
The westerners eat so much fat and sugar that they put on weight easily.
There are so few fish in the lake that we couldn’t fish them easily.
當主從句主語一致時可與動詞不定式相互轉換,即變成so/such…….as to do結構。
The westerners eat so much fat and sugar as to put on weight easily.
15. so that 引導目的`狀語從句與結果狀語從句
so that引導目的狀語從句時常與情態動詞連用（= in order that）。
He turned up the radio a little so that he could hear the news clearly.
He turned up the radio a little so as to hear the news clearly.
16.can never/can’t 與too, too much, enough, over- 搭配表示“無論怎樣…都不過分”
While you are doing your homework, you can’t be careful enough.
He is such a great man that we can’t praise him too much.
William Hartley was handsome, determined and hardworking. In a word, I couldn’t speak too highly of him.
The development of society has made it necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English, so we can’t overemphasize the importance of learning English.
Since it is a good thing, we can’t do it too soon.
17. 不定式作主語，it作形式主語。
It +系動詞+adj./n.+ for sb. to do (sb.表示動詞不定式動作的執行者)
It +系動詞+adj.+ of sb. to do （sb.既表示動詞不定式動作的執行者，又表示人所具備的性質或特徵）
It’s important for us to have a good knowledge of English.
How rude of him to treat a child like that!
It’s thoughtful of him to fix us up for the night.
18. 不定式作賓語，it作形式賓語。
主語+think/consider/believe/ make/ feel+ it +adj./n. +for sb./ of sb. +to do sth.
I feel it foolish of him to believe such a man.
The timely rain had made it possible for the crops to grow well.
19. won’t/ can’t have sb. doing/done 不能容忍某行為發生
You are too rude, and I won’t have you speaking to Mother like that again.
We can’t have anything done against the school rules.
20. It is said/thought/ hoped/ believed...that...=sb. is said/thought/hoped/believed to do…..
It is said that he is studying abroad.--> He is said to be studying abroad.
It is considered that many countries highly value China’s role in helping world’s peace.=Many countries is considered to highly value China’s role in helping world’s peace.
21. had hoped to do=hoped to have done表示過去原打算幹卻未曾實現的願望、打算或意圖。類似的動詞還有：expect, think, intend, design, plan, mean, suppose等。
I had hoped to travel to London this summer，but I was too busy.
22. How did sb come to do...? = How come that….為什麼會…../……是怎麼回事？表示要求對所發生的事情說明理由或做出解釋。
How did you come to find out where she’s living?= How come that you found out….
你是怎麼打聽到她住在哪兒的?
How come that you sat there ,doing nothing?為什麼坐在那兒什麼也不幹?
23. It is (not ) like sb. to do… ...（不）像某人的所作所為
It’s like him to answer for what he has done.敢對自己的行為負責，這是他的一貫作風。
It’s not like him to have been so rude to his mother.
24. when it comes to… 當談到或涉及到…
He is a man of few words, but when it comes to playing computer, he will be excited and full of energy.
When it comes to helping his wife with the housework, John never complains.
25. every time/ each time/ next time/ the first time/ any time等短語引導時間狀語從句，表示“...次的時候”。
Every time you meet with new words while reading, don’t always refer to your dictionary.
Next time you come , do remember to bring your son here.
You are welcome to come back any time you want to.
26. There is (no) need to do…/for...=It is ( not ) necessary for sb. to do…
There is ( no ) hope/chance/possibility of doing…
There is( no )difficulty/trouble/point/delay( in )doing...
Is there any chance of us/our winning the match?
There is no point（意義）in discussing the problem again.
27. It is up to sb. to do sth. 應由某人來做某事……..
——When shall we start out?
——It’s up to you to decide.
It’s up to you to babysit my so while I am away on business.
28.be up to sth. 忙於…..., 從事…..., 勝任.…..
John isn’t really up to that job. 約翰不適合幹那項工作。
What have you been up to recently? 最近你一直在忙些什麼？
29. It is time to do/It is time that +主語+動詞的一般過去式 該是做…..的時候了
It is time that we ended the discussion.
30. 強調句基本構成形式：It is/ was +被強調部分+ who/that+原句剩餘部分
I met him in the street yesterday afternoon.
It was I who/ that met him in the street yesterday afternoon.(強調是我，不是別人)
It was him who/that I met in the street yesterday afternoon.( 強調我遇見的是他，不是別人)
It was in the street that I met him yesterday afternoon.( 強調是在大街上，不是在別的地方，強調的是地點，但不用where)
It was yesterday afternoon that I met him in the street (強調是昨天下午，不是在別的時候, 強調的是時間，但不用when)