初中英語語法冠詞課件
初中英語語法冠詞課件
其中冠詞簡稱“art.”冠詞有不定冠詞、 定冠詞、 零冠詞。下面是小編為你帶來的 初中英語語法冠詞課件，歡迎閱讀。
（一）概說
1．冠詞是一種虛詞，不能獨立擔任一個成分，只能附著在一個名詞上，幫助說明其詞義。英語中有兩個冠詞：
1）定冠詞the 2）不定冠詞a/an
定冠詞the通常讀作[]，在母音前讀作[i]，特別強調或單念時讀作[i:]。
不定冠詞在母音音素開始的單詞前用an這個形式，讀作[n]；在其他情況下則使用a，讀作[]。
2．冠詞的基本意義
不定冠詞a/an與數詞one同源，表示“一個”的意思，用在可數名詞單數前。
例如： She is a nurse. 她是個護士。
He is an Englishman, with an Irish wife. 他是一位英國人，有一個愛爾蘭妻子。
定冠詞the，與this同源，有“這（那）個”的意思，但比較弱，表示一（幾）個特定的人或東西，有時可譯作“這個（些）”或“那個（些）”。
例如：
That’s the book you want. 這就是你要的那本書。 Who’s the young man over there? 那邊那個年輕人是誰？
但在很多情況下，“這”或“那”這類詞在譯文中並不出現。
例如： Put it on the table. 把它放在桌上。 Shut the door, please. 請把門關上。
3．特指和泛指
一般來說，名詞有特指和泛指兩種情況，請比較下面的句子：
A gentleman is asking to see you. 有位先生要求見你。（泛指）
Ask the gentleman to come in. 請那位先生進來。（特指）
在特指時一般前面要加定冠詞，而泛指時則有三種情況：
1）在可數名詞單數前加不定冠詞。
例如： She sent me a postcard 她寄給我一張明信片。
2）在可數名詞複數前可不加冠詞，可使用some, any這類詞。
例如： These are new words. 這些是生詞。 She sent me some flowers. 她送給我一些花。
3）在不可數名詞前多不加什麼，有時也可加some, any等。
例如： It’s lovely weather. 天氣真好。 Do you want any sugar in your tea? 你茶裡要放點糖嗎？
Give us some help. 給我們一些幫助。
（二）不定冠詞的基本用法
1．泛指某一類人或事物中的一個，代表某一類別（不一定譯為“一”）
例如： His father is a doctor. 他父親是醫生。
2．代表某一類人或事物，相當於any（+名詞）（不必譯為“一”，但必須用a，表示類別）
例如： A horse is a useful animal. 馬是有用的動物。
3．指某人或某物（不是指某一類），但不具體說明何人或何物（一般譯為“一”）
例如： This book was written by a worker. 這本書是一位工人寫的。
4．表示數量，有“一”的意思，但數的概念沒有one強烈（一般譯為“一”）
例如： Wait a moment. 等一下。
5．表示單位，相當於“每”的意思
例如： We have three meals a day. 我們每日吃三餐。
6．用於某此固定片語中
例如： a few, a little, a bit (of), a lot of等。
（三）定冠詞的基本用法
1．特指某（些）人或某（些）事物
例如： Give me the book. 把那本書給我。
2．指談話雙方都知道的人或事物
例如： Where is the doctor? 醫生在哪兒？
3．再次提到上文提到過的人或事物
例如：
I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is at home. 昨天我買了一本詞典。詞典在家裡。
4．用在大家所熟悉的、世界上獨一無二的事物
例如： The earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun. 地球比月亮大，但比太陽小。
5．用在序數詞和形容詞最高階前
例如： Mr Wang teaches the first class. 王先生上第一節課。
Of all the stars the sun is the nearest to the earth. 在所有的恆星中，太陽離地球最近。
6．用在單數可數名詞，表示某一類人或事物
例如：The horse is a useful animal. 馬是有用的動物。
7．與下列專有名詞連用
1）在江、河、湖、海、群島、山脈的`名稱前
例如： the Changjiang River, the Great Lake
2）在姓氏的複數名詞前，表示夫婦二人或全家人
例如： The Greens are sitting at the breakfast table. 格林一家人正圍坐在早餐桌旁。
8．和某些形容詞連用，表示一類人
例如：
the old 老人 the young 年輕人 the rich 富人 the poor 窮人 the sick 病人 the dead 死人
9．在一些習慣說法中
the east (west, south, north) in the morning (afternoon, evening) on the left (right)
in the end go to the cinema
（四）不用冠詞的幾種情況
1．在專有名詞，抽象名詞和物質名詞前
例如：
Have you ever been to Shanghai? 你到過上海嗎？ We love science. 我們愛好科學。
2．在表示一類人或事物的複數名詞前
例如： Girls can be scientists. 女孩子可以當科學家。
3．在季節、月份、星期、一日三餐的名稱前
例如： It is hot in summer. 夏天天氣熱。
It’s Tuesday, August the 22nd. 今天是八月二十二日，星期三。
Have you had breakfast? 你吃過早飯沒有？
4．稱呼語或表示頭銜，職務的名詞前
例如：
What’s the matter with you, Mike? 怎麼啦，邁克？
He is headmaster of our school. 他是我們學校的校長。
5．學科和球類運動的名稱前
例如：
We study English. 我們學習英語。 Do you like to play football? 你喜歡踢足球嗎？
6．名詞前已有用作定語的this, that my, your, some, any, no, whose, every, each等代詞時，不用冠詞
例如：
That is her bike那是她的腳踏車。Each student in his class studies hard. 這個班的每個學生都努力學習。
7．在某些固定片語的名詞前
例如： at home, at night, after school, by bus, in bed, in town, in front of, go to school, go to bed等。
I. 在下列句子的空格中填上適當的冠詞，不需要的地方用“/”表示：
1. This is ______ old map. It is ______ useful map.
2. We have no classes in ______ afternoon on _______ Saturday.
3. ______ spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _______second.
4. Beijing is ______ capital of ______ China. It is _______ beautiful city.
5. Roman was not built in ______ day.
6. Chinese is quite ______ difficult language for Mike.
7. Many ______ students will take ______ active part in sports meet.
8. There is ______ interesting picture on ______ wall.
9. Jenny found ______ wallet lying on ______ground. ______ wallet was Mr. Black’s.
10. Which is ______ biggest, ______ sun, ______ moon, or ______ earth?
11. --- Which picture is more beautiful? --- ______one on ______ left, I think.
12. --- Which is _____ way to ______ hospital?
--- Go down this road and turn left on ______ second crossing.
13. _______ more, _______ better.
14. _______ Turners are sitting at breakfast table.
15. Joe Hill was _______ fighter for ______ working class.
16. When was ______ People’s Republic of China founded?
17. In China ______ first English textbooks were published in _____late nineteenth century.
18. After ______ breakfast he went to ______ school on ______ foot.
19. ______ Huanghe River lies in ______ north of China.
20. He likes playing ______ football. His sister likes playing ______ piano.
II. 單項選擇：
1. 上學 A. go to school B. go to the school C. go to a school
2. 住院 A, in the hospital B. in a hospital C. in hospital
3. 此刻 A. at the moment B. at a moment C. at moment
4. 在課堂上 A. in class B. in a class C. in the class
5. 在地球上 A. on earth B. on an earth C. on the earth
6. 步行 A. on foot B. on the foot C. on feet
7. 吃飯 A. at a table B. at the table C. at table
8. 乘公共汽車A. take bus B. by bus C. by the bus
9. 在家 A. at the home B. at a home C. at home
10. 在工作 A. at work B. at the work C. at works
11. 跳高 A. jump high B. high jump C. the high jump
12. 坐飛機 A. by air B. by the air C. on air
13. 乘火車 A. by the train B. by train C. on train
14. 在校學習 A. in the school B. in school C. in schools
15. 睡覺 A. go to bed B. go to the bed C. go to a bed
16. 感冒 A. have a cold B. have the cold C. have cold
17. 乘船 A. by ship B. on ship C. by a ship
18. 玩得痛快A. have good times B. have a good time C. have good times
19. 事實上 A. in the fact B. in facts C. in fact
21. 從早到晚
A. from morning to the evening B. from morning to evening C. from a morning to an evening
III. 選擇填空：
1. There is ______ old woman in the car.
A. / B. the C. a D. an
2. Shanghai is in _______ east of China.
A. / B. an C. the D. a
3. Bill is ______ English teacher. He likes playing ______ football.
A. a, the B. an, the C. a, / D. /, /
4. The museum is quite far. It will take you half _____ hour to go there by ______ bus.
A. an, / B. an, a C. a, / D. /, /
5. The story is ______ interesting. That means it is ______ interesting story.
A. an, the B. the, a. C. /, an D. /, a
6. Let’s go for ______ walk, shall we?
A. a B. an C. the D. /
7. This is ______ interesting story-book and it is also ______ useful one.
A. a, a B. an, an C. an, a D. a, an
8. _______ woman over there is ______ popular teacher in our school.
A. A, an B. The, a C. The , the D. A, the
9. They passed our school ______ day before yesterday.
A. an B. one C. a D. the
10. Australia is ______ English-speaking country.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
11. Don’t play ______ basketball here. It’s dangerous.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
12. This is ______ apple. It’s _______ big apple.
A. an, a B. a, the C. a, an D. an, the
13. --- Have you seen ______ bag? I left it here just now.
--- Is it ______ one on the chair near the door?
A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a
14. I have ______ blue coat.
A. a B. an C. the D. some
15. This is _____ orange. _______ orange is on the table.
A. a, The B. an, The C. an, An D. the, An
16. Have you had ______ breakfast?
A. a B. an C. the D. /
17. He wondered when the doctor could finish _____ operation.
A. a B. an C. the D. any
18. After ______ supper, he stayed at home and played ______ violin.
A. the, the B. /, the C. /, a D. /, /
19. There is ______ apple on the plate.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
20. He said that he got ______ “ C” in the test.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
21. ______ new bridge has been built over ______ Huangpu River.
A. The, a B. A, / C. A, the D. An, an
22. English is _______ useful language in ______ world.
A. an, the B. a, the C. the, the D. an, an
23. In the word “ cariage” _______ “ r” is lost.
A. the B. an C. a D. /
24. With the help of his teacher he studied hard and got ______ “ A” in the test.
A. a B. an C. the D. one
25. I have two dogs. ______ black one is two years old and ______ yellow one is three years old.
A. A, a B. The, a C. The, the D. A. the
26. Li Dan can play ______ piano very well.
A. / B. a C. an D. the
27. What ______ interesting film it is! I like ______ film very much.
A. a, the B. a, a C. an, the D. The, /
28. ______ tall man over there is our ______ English teacher.
A. A, the B. The, a C. A, an D. The, /
冠詞
I. 1. an, a 2. the, / 3. A, a 4. the, /, a 5. a 6. a 7. /, an 8. an, the 9. a, the, The 10. the, the, the, the 11. The, the 12. the, the, the 13. The , the 14. The 15. a, the 16. the 17. the, the 18. /, /, / 19. The, the 20. /, the
II. 1—5 ACAAC 6—10 ACBCA 11—15 BABBA 16—20 AABCB
III. 1—5 DCDAC 6—10 ACBDB 11—15 CACAB 16—20 DCBBA
21—25 CBBBC 26—28 DCD