薛西斯一世

非洲民族議會(African National Congress (ANC))

南非政黨和黑人民族主義組織。1912年成立，原名「南非原住民民族議會」（South African Native National Congress）。長期致力於消除南非白人當局推行的種族歧視和種族隔離政策（apartheid）。因抗議南非政府在沙佩維爾（Sharpeville,1960）和索韋託（Soweto,1976）對示威者的屠殺行動，非洲民族議會轉而進行破壞和遊擊活動。1960～1990年南非政府迫於國內安全的考量，對非洲民族議會下達禁令。1991年撤銷禁令，曼德拉（nelson Mandela）繼任坦博（Oliver Tambo）主席的職務，並於1994年擊敗宿敵南非國民黨（National Party of South Africa）成為南非首屆多種族政府的總統。1999年姆貝基（Thabo Mbeki）接替曼德拉成為非洲民族議會的主席和南非總統。亦請參閱Inkatha Freedom Party、Lutuli,Allert、Pan-African movement。

English version：

African National Congress (ANC)

South African political party and black nationalist organization. Founded in 1912 (as the South African Native National Congress),the ANC was long dedicated to the elimination of apartheid. In response to government massacres of demonstrators at Sharpeville (1960) and Soweto (1976),it carried out acts of sabotage and guerrilla warfare. The campaign was largely ineffective,owing to stringent South African internal-security measures,including an official ban on the ANC between 1960 and 1990. In 1991,with the ban lifted,Nelson Mandela succeeded Oliver Tambo as ANC president. In 1994 the party swept the country's first all-race elections; the ANC led a coalition government that initially included members of its longtime rival,the National Party,and Mandela became South Africa's president. In 1999 Thabo Mbeki replaced him as president of the ANC and of South Africa. See also Inkatha Freedom Party,Albert Lutuli,Pan-African movement.