初中英語語法知識點
英語語法貫穿整個英語學習過程的始終,下面是小編為大家帶來的，相信對你會有幫助的。
：形容詞和副詞
I. 要點
A. 形容詞
1、 形容詞的基本用法
形容詞是用來修飾、描繪名詞的，通常在句中作定語、表語或賓補，有時還可作狀語。如：
He is honest and hardworking.
I found the book interesting.
某些形容詞與定冠詞連用表示一類人作主語時，謂語通常用複數形式。如：
The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.
The English like to be with their families.
多個形容詞作定語修飾名詞的順序：
冠詞+序數詞+基數詞+性質狀態***描述性***+形狀大小+新舊老少+顏色+國籍+材料+名詞。如：
the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.
2、 形容詞比較等級的形式
***1*** 規則形式
一般說來，單音節詞及少數雙音節詞在後加-er; --est 來構成比較級和最高階;其他雙音節詞及多音節詞在前加more, most.如：
great-greater-greatest busy-busier-busiest
important-more important-***the***most important
***2*** 不規則形式
good ***well***-better-best bad ***ill***-worse-worst
many ***much***-more-most little-less-least
***3*** 形容詞比較等級的用法
①表示兩者的比較，用形容詞的比較級+than. 如：
He is cleverer than the other boys.
This one is more beautiful than that one.
②表示兩者以上的比較，用"the +形容詞最高階***+名詞***+of***in*** …"如：
He is the cleverest boy in his class.
③表示兩者是同等程度，用"as +形容詞原級+as". 如：
He is as tall as I.
I have as many books as you.
④ 越… 越…
例如：The more I learn, the happier I am.
⑤ You can never be too careful. 越小心越好
又如：You can never praise the teacher too highly.你怎麼讚揚這個老師也不過分。
⑥ I have never spent a more worrying day.那一天是最令我擔心的一天。
I have never had a better dinner.這是我吃過的最好的一頓飯。
⑦ My English is no better than yours.我的英語和你的英語都不怎麼樣。
B.副詞
1、 副詞的種類
***1*** 時間副詞 如：ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等
***2*** 地點副詞 如：here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。
***3*** 方式副詞 如：carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。
***4*** 程度副詞 如：almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。
2、 副詞比較等級的用法
其用法與形容詞相似，只是副詞最高階前可省略定冠詞。如：
Of all the boys he sings ***the*** most beautifully.
We must work harder.
3、 某些副詞在用法上的區別
***1*** already, yet, still
already表示某事物已經發生，主要用於肯定句;yet表示期待某事發生，主要用於否定句和疑問句;still表示某事還在進行，主要用於肯定句和疑問句，有時也可用於否定句。如：
We've already watched that film.
I haven't finished my homework yet.
He still works until late every night.
***2*** too, as well, also, either
too, as well和 also用於肯定句和疑問句，too和as well多用於口語，一般放在句末，而also多用於書面語，一般放在句中與動詞連用。either用於否定句和否定的疑問句，往往放在句末。如：
He went there too.
He didn't go there either.
I like you as well.
I also went there.
***3*** hard, hardly
hardly意為"幾乎"與hard在詞義上完全不同。如：
I work hard every day.
I can hardly remember that.
***4*** late, lately
lately意為"最近、近來"，late意為"晚、遲"。如：
He never comes late.
Have you been to the museum lately?
：介詞
I. 要點
1、 介詞和種類
***1*** 簡單介詞，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。
***2*** 複合介詞，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。
2、 介詞和其他詞類的習慣搭配關係
***1*** 和動詞的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。
***2*** 和形容詞的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at
***3*** 和名詞的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.
3、 介詞短語可以有自己的修飾語，這種修飾語通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少數幾個副詞。如：
He came right after dinner.
He lives directly opposite the school.
4、 某些介詞的意義與用法舉例
***1*** at, on, in
表時間
表示時間點，某一時刻/年齡用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight, at the age of等;表示不確定的時間或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。
指某天用on, on表示星期幾/某一具體的日子/具體某天的上午/下午/晚上,表示一天中的三個時間段名詞前有修飾語或後有修飾語時如on Monday, on the end of November等。
in表示時間段,一天的三個時間段以及月份,年,季節,世紀,人生的某個時期***某人幾十歲時*** in the morning/afternoon /evening, in spring /in 2007/in March, in the twenty-first century, in his fifties。
表地點:
1***at 一般指較小的地點或較具體的位置
at the station at the cinema
2***in 表示在較大的地點或一個有限空間裡.
in China in the classroom
3***on 指在某物體的表面上.
on the desk
注意: 寫街道時,若有門牌號用at ,否則用on / in 都可.
He lives at 270 DongChang’an Street.
***2*** between, among***表位置***
between僅用於二者之間，但說三者或三者以上中的每兩個之間的相互關係時，也用between, 如
I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.
The village lies between three hills.
among用於三者或三者以上之間。如：
He is the best among the students.
***3*** beside, besides
beside意為"在…旁邊"，而besides意為"除…之外"。如：
He sat beside me.
What do you want besides this?
***4*** in the tree, on the tree
on the tree 表示 “樹上本身長的東西” 在樹上. 而in the tree 表示 “外界的物體進入樹中” 人或物在樹上.
There are some apples _____ the tree .
There is a boy ____ the tree
***5*** on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way
on the way 指在路上 in the way 指擋道by the way 指順便問一句 in this way 用這樣的方法
***6*** in the corner, at the corner
in the corner 指在拐角內 at the corner 指在拐角外
***7*** in the morning, on the morning
in the morning 是一般說法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨
***8*** by bus, on the bus
by bus 是一般說法 on the bus 特指乘某一輛車
***9*** 介詞in /on / to 表方位:
in表示A地在B地範圍之內.***包含關係***
Tanwan is ____ the southeast of China .
on表示A,B地接壤.***外切關係***
Hubei is ____ the north of Hunan .
to表示A,B兩地有一定的間距.***外離關係***
Japan is _____ the east of China .
***10*** after / in 在……之後
after
1***after + 時間段. 表示以過去某一時刻為起點的一段時間之後, 用於過去時.
2***after 作介詞. after doing sth
in +一段時間. 表示說話時或以現在為起點的將來一段時間之後.用於將來時.
He came back ______ two days .
He will go home___finishing his homework .
He will come back _____ two days .
***11*** with / in / by 表示 “用……”
with 表示 “用…” 一般指有形的工具 / 手段 / 人體器官.
He cut the apple into halves ____ a knife .
注: with 表伴隨, “帶有,含有”
He came in _____ a big smile on his face .
in表示用某種語言,方式,途徑. 或書寫/繪畫所用的材料. 也可表交通方式.
Can you say it _____English ?
He wrote a letter ____ blue ink .
by表示乘坐交通工具, 表示方式,方法
I study for a test _____ working with a group .
He makes a living ____ selling newspapers .
注意: 同義詞組
1***.by phone = on the phone
2***.by car = in a car
3***.in pen = with a pen = with pens
***12*** across / through / over / by 經過
across 指橫穿,穿過. 表示動作從某一物體表面上經過.
through 指穿過,透過,表示從某一物體空間內通過.
over 表示從某人或某物的上空經過或越過,不與表面接觸.
by 表示從某人/某物的旁邊經過.
Can you swim ______ the river ?
The elephant is so big that it can’t go _____ the gate .
I don’t think anyone can jump ___ the fence.
I walked _____ the bank of China yesterday .
***13*** in front of / in the front of
in the front of 表示在…….內部的前面
in front of 表示在……外面的前面
There is a desk in _____ front of our classroom .
There is a big tree in _____ front of our classroom.
***14*** .其它介詞的用法：
1.at的其它用法.
1***.表示 “從事或正在做某事”,其後加的名詞往往不加冠詞.
She is at work now = She is working now .
2***at表示 “價格或速度”
The train ran at 120 kilometres an hour .
2.in的其它用法:
1***in表示 “在……方面”
片語:do well in = be good at
be weak in
2***in 表示 “穿著”後接表顏色的詞或衣服.
片語: be in +衣服 = be wearing +衣服
3***in作副詞, “在家” = at home
3.like 的用法:
1***.像/和……一樣. 常與系動詞連用.
片語: look like sound like
2***.與what 連用, “是什麼樣子, 怎樣”.
What is he like ? He is kind .
4.off的用法:
1***.從……下來, 脫離某物體.
片語: fall off
2***. “休假”通常放在時間名詞之後.
片語: have +時間+ off
He hasn’t had a night off for two hours .
5.except / besides
1***.except 除了…….之外, 都……. . 不包括在範圍之內.
注: nothing but … 除了……之外,什麼也沒有.
2***.besdies除了……之外,還有…… . 包括在範圍之內.
We all went swimming ______ Lucy .
There is _______ a letter in the box .
We study Japanese and French____ English .
6.with / without
1***.with具有,含有 -----反義詞: without 沒有
片語: with the help of = with one’s help =because of = thanks to
without one’s help
2***.without 的用法:
A***.without + sb./ sth. 沒有某人或某物
B***.without + doing sth .
He left here without____***say *** “Goodbye”to us
C***. without sth 常與if 引導的否定的條件句.
If there is no water , we can’t live .= We can’t live ______ _______ .
7.since / for
注: since / for 用於現在完成時.
1***.since :
a***.since +時間點
b***. 現在完成時+ since +一般過去時
c***.since +一段時間+ ago.
2***for: for +一段時間= since +一段時間+ ago
8.be made +介詞的區別:
be made of 由…製成 ***看得見原材料***
be made from由…製成 ***看不見原材料***
be made in +地點 由哪兒生產
be made by sb. 由某人制造
9.表示 “數量的介詞”
about , round around over
1***. about , round around表示 “大約……”
2***.over 表示 “超過”= more than.
10.inside / outside
Inside 在……裡面 ------反義詞:outside在….外面
11.in the wall /on the wall
in the wall 表示“門窗在牆上” on the wall 表示“某東西張貼或掛在牆上”
12. 不用介詞的情況:
1***.當時間狀為: tonight, today, yesterday, tomorrow 等時,不用介詞.
What are you going to do tonight ?
2***.含有this, that, these, those, last, next, every, each等時間狀語.
He went to Wuhan last week .
3***.以all 開頭的時間狀語前面不用介詞.
He has worked all day .
4***.以some ,any, one 等構成的時間狀語前不用介詞