英語四級段落資訊匹配題練習和答案詳解

　　下面是小編整理的，希望對大家有幫助。

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　　Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

　　TV Linked to Lower Marks

　　A*** The effect of television on children has been debated ever since the first sets were turned on. Now three new studies find that too much tube time can lower test scores, retard learning and even predict college performance. The reports appear in the July issue of the Archives of Pediatrics & Ado-lescent Medicine.

　　B*** In the first report, researchers studied the effect that having a TV in a child's bedroom can have on third graders. "We looked at the household media environment in relation to 　　academic achievementon mathematics, reading and language arts tests," said study author Dina L.G. Borzekowski, an as-sistant professor at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

　　C*** Borzekowski and her colleague, Dr. Thomas Robinson of Stanford University, collected data on386 third graders and their parents about how much TV the children watched, the number of TV sets, computers and video game consoles in the household and where they were. They also collected data on how much time the children spent using the different media, as well as the time spent doing homework and reading. The researchers found that the media in the household, where it is and how it is used can have a profound effect on learning. "We found that the household media environment has a very close association with performance on the different test scores," Borzekowski said.

　　D*** "A child who has a TV in his or her bedroom is likely to have a score that is eight points lower on a mathematics test compared to a child who doesn't have a TV in the bedroom," she noted. These children also scored lower on the reading and language arts tests. However, children who have ac-cess to a home computer are likely to have higher scores on each of the tests compared with children who don't have access to a home computer, Borzekowski noted.

　　E*** The reasons why TV has this negative effect are not clear, Borzekowski said. "When there's TV in the bedroom, parents are less likely to have control over the content and the amount watched," Borzekowski said. "They are also unable to know how early or how late the set is on. This seems to be associated with kids' performance on academic tests." Borzekowski believes that content and the time the TV is on may be the primary reasons for its negative effect. "If the TV is in the family room, then parents can see the content of what children are watching," she said. "Parents can choose to sit alongside and watch, or turn the set off. A simple and straightforward, positive parenting strategy is to keep the TV out of the child's bedroom, or remove it if it's already there."

　　F*** In the second report, Dr. Robert J. Hancox from the University of Ot ago in Dunedin, New Zealand, and colleagues found, regardless of your intelligence or social background, if you watch a lot of TV during childhood, you are a lot less likely to have a college degree by your mid-20s. In their study, the researchers followed 1,037 people born in 1972 and 1973. Every two years, between the ages of5 and 15, they were asked how much television they watched. The researchers found that those who watched the most television during these years had earned fewer degrees by the time they were 26."We found that the more television the child had watched, the more likely they were to leave school without any qualifications," Hancox said in a prepared statement. "Those who watched little television had the best chance of going on to university and earning a degree."

　　G*** Hancox's team found that watching TV at an early age had the most effect on graduating from college. "An interesting finding was that although teenage viewing was strongly linked to leaving school without any qualifications, it was earlier childhood viewing that had the greatest impact on getting a degree," he said. "This suggests that excessive television in younger children has a long-lasting adverse effect on educational performance."

　　H*** In the third paper, Frederick J. Zimmerman and Dr. Dimitri A. Christakis from the University of Washington report that, for very young children, watching TV can result in lower test scores in mathematics, reading recognition and reading comprehension. "We looked at how much television children watched before age 3 and then at ages 3 to 5," Zimmerman said. "We found that for children who watched a small amount of TV in the earlier years, there was co nsider able beneficial effect compared to children who watched a lot of TV."

　　I*** For children aged 3 to 5, the effect was not as clear, Zimmerman said. "There were some beneficial effects of watching TV on reading, but no beneficial effects for math or vocabulary," he noted. "The worst pattern was to watch more than three hours of TV before age 3. Those kids had a significant disadvantage compared to the other kids." Parents should follow the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation, which is no TV for children under 2, Zimmerman said. "Personally, I feel the cutoff should be children under 3, because there is just not any good content for children under 3."

　　J*** One expert believes that TV can have both positive and negative effects, but it all depends on what children are watching. "Content matters," said Deborah L. Line barger, an assistant professor at the University of Pennsylvania, who co-authored an accompanying editorial. "Educational content has been found to be related to performance on school readiness tests, higher grades when they are teen-agers, whereas, non-educational content tends to be associated with lower academic performance."

　　K*** Another expert agrees. "TV watching takes up space that could be used by more useful things," said Dr. Christopher P. Lucas, a clinical coordinator at the Early Childhood Evaluation and Treatment Program at the New York University Child Study Center. "TV is not necessarily toxic, but is some-thing that has to be done in moderation; something that balances the other needs of the child for healthy development."

　　L*** Lucas puts the responsibility for how much TV kids watch and what they watch squarely on parents. "The amount of TV watching certainly has a link with the reduced amount of time reading or doing homework," he said. "The key is the amount of control parents have in limiting the amount of access. Get the TV out of the bedroom; be aware of what is being watched; limit the amount of TV watching."

　　46. According to Borzekowski, children having chances to use a family computer are likely to acquire better results on the different tests.

　　47. The reports issued in the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescents Medicine find that watching too much TV leads to poor performance in school.

　　48. Watching more than three hours of TV before age 3 has bad effect on kids.

　　49. According to the second report, the chance for one to acquire a college degree depends on the amount of his TV watching during childhood.

　　50. In Deborah L. Lingbarger's opinion, educational content is helpful for teenagers to get better results on school readiness tests.

　　51. The environment of family media greatly affects children's test scores according to the first report.

　　52. Borzekowski believes that TV's negative effect on children's marks may mainly lie in what children watch on TV and how much time they spend on it.

　　53. Lucas thinks parents should take the responsibility to supervise kids' TV watching.

　　54. According to the recommendation from American Academy of Pediatrics, children under 2 should watch no TV.

　　55. Hancox thinks earlier childhood TV watching affects one's acquiring a college degree most.



 

　　電視機與成績差有關

　　A.***自電視機問世以來，其對孩子的影響便一直頗具爭議。【47】目前，有三項新的研究發現，看電視事假太長會導致學習成績下降，妨礙學習進步，甚至影響在大學的成績。這三項研究報告刊截在7月份的《兒科和青春期醫學檔案》雜誌上。

　　B***在第一份報告中，研究人員研究在三年級學生的臥室裡放置電視對他們的影響。其中的一位研究人員是約翰霍普金斯大學彭博公共衛生學院的助理教授DinaL.G.Borzekowski，她表示：“我們研究的是家庭媒體環境對數學、閱讀和語言藝術等科目測試成績的影響。”

　　C***Borzekowski和她的同事，斯坦福大學的Thomas Robinson博士，調查了386位三年級學生及其父母，收集了大量關於孩子看電視花費的時間、家中的電視機、電腦和視訊遊戲裝置的數量及其擺放位置。他們還收集了一些關於孩子在不同媒體上所花的時間和在家庭作業與閱讀上所花的時間的資料。研究人員發現，家中媒體裝置的擺放位置和使用方式對孩子的學習有重要的影響。【51】Borzekowski表示：“我們發現家庭媒體環境與孩子不同的測驗分數的表現有密切的關係。”

　　D***她表示：“臥室有電視機的孩子，其數學成績比臥室沒有電視機的孩子很可能會低8分。”而且他們的閱讀和語言藝術考試成績也相對降低。可是Borzekowski又說，【46】可以使用家庭電腦的孩子比家中沒有電腦的孩子更有可能在這些科目的測試中取程更高的分數。

　　E***Borzekowsk表示目前關於電視會造成這種負面影響的原因尚不明確。她說：“如果孩子的臥室有電視機，家長便不太可能控制孩子們觀看的內容和時間。他們也不可能知道孩子們多早或多晚開啟電視機。這似乎與孩子的學習成績有關。”【52】 Bomekows】認為電視內容和觀看的時間可能是導致電視機的負面影響的主要原因。“如果電視在客廳，那麼家長便可以知道孩子所觀看的內容，”她說。“家長可以選擇坐在旁邊一起觀看，或者將電視機關掉。一個簡單、直接、有效地方式就是不要在孩子的臥室放電視機，如果已經放了，那就搬出來吧。”

　　G***Hancox的研究團隊還發現兒童時期看電視對從大學畢業的影響最大。他說：“一項有趣的發現是，雖然少年時期看電視很可能會導致沒有畢業就離開學校，但是對能否取得學位影響最大的卻是童年時期看電視。這表明，在童年時期，過度看電視會對學業造成長期持續的不利影響。”

　　H***在第三份報告中，Frederick J.Zimmerman和來自華盛頓大學的Dimitri A.Christakis博士認為，對於幼兒來說，看電視會導致數學、閱讀認知和閱讀理解的分數降低。Zimmerman表示“我們研究了孩子在3歲以前和在3到5歲之間看電視所花的時間的數量，結果發現與花許多時間看電視的孩子相比，小時候很少看電視的孩子有相當大的優勢。”

　　J***一位專家認為，電視有積極和消極的影響，而這完全取決於孩子所看的內容。賓夕法尼亞大學的助理教授Deborah L.Linebarger曾參與編寫一篇補充社論，他認為：“內容很重要。【50】教育性的內容與入學須備考試的成績有關，有助於青少年取得更好的成績，而非教育性的力容則往往導致學習成績下降。”

　　K***另外一位專家Christopher P.Lucas博士也同意這一觀點。他是紐約大學兒童研究中心幼兒評價與治療計劃的臨床協調員，他認為：“看電視會佔據用於做其他更有用的事情的時間。電視不一定有害處，但是看電視應該適度。為了孩子的健康發展，看電視要和孩子的其他需求保持平衡。”

　　L***【53】Lucae認為孩子看電視的時間和內容該完全由父母負責監督。他說：“看電視的時間太長，自然就會減少閱讀或做家庭作業的時間。關鍵在於家長要控制孩子看電視的時間。把電視從臥室裡搬出來，要知道孩子觀看的內容，限制看電視的時間。”

　　46.According to Borzekowski，children having chances to use a family computer are likely to acquire better re-suits on the different tests.Borzekowski發現能接觸使用家用電腦的孩子各項測試成績一般更好。

　　【解析】 D***。細節題。根據句中chancestouse afamily computer可將答案定位於D***段最後一句話。可是Borzekowski又說，可以使用家庭電腦的孩子比家中沒有電腦的孩子更有可能在這些科目的測試中取得更高的分數.

　　47.The reports issued in the Archives of Pediatrics&Adolescents Medicine find that watching too much TV leads to poor perform ancein sch001.《兒科和青春期醫學檔案》雜誌研究發現看電視時間太長會導致學習成績差。

　　【解析】 A***。細節題。根據句中the Archives of Pediatrics& Adolescents Medicine可將答案定位於Al段後兩句。目前，有三項新的研究發現，看電視時間太長會導致學習成績下降，妨礙學習進步，甚至影響在大學的成績。這三項研究報告刊載在7月份的《兒科和青春期醫學檔案》雜誌上。

　　48.Watching more than three hours of TV before age 3 has bad effect on kids.

　　三歲前每天看電視三個小時以上會對孩子產生不好的影響。

　　【解析】I***。細節題。根據句中more than three hours of TV before age 3可將答案定位於I***段第三四句話。最糟糕的便是在3歲之前每天看3個小時以上的電視。與其他孩子相比，他們會有較大的劣勢。

　　49.According to the second report，the chance for one to acquire a college degree depends on the amount of his TV watching during childhood.

　　第二則報告顯示：一個人能否獲取大學學位取決於他少年期看電視的時間。

　　【解析】F***。歸納題。根據句中the chance for one to acquire a college degree可將答案定位於F***段。F段整段的中心意思就是少年期看電視越多越不容易獲得大學學位，反之亦然。

　　50.In Deborah L.Lingbarger’s opinion，educational content is helpful for teenagers to get better results on school readiness tests.Deborah L.Ling barger認為***電視上的***教育性內容可以幫助青少年在入學預備考試中取得更好的成績。

　　【解析】 J***。細節題。根據句中educational content可將答案定位於J***段末句。內容很重要。教育性的內容與入學預備考試的成績有關，有助於青少年取得更好的成績，而非教育性的內容則往往導致學習成績下降。

　　51. environment of family media greatly affects children’s test Scorcs according to the first report.

　　第一則報告發現，家庭媒體環境極大地影響孩子的測試成績。

　　【解析】C***。細節題。根據句中environment of family media可將答案定位於C***段末句。我們發現家庭媒體環境與孩子不同的測驗分數的表現有密切的關係。

　　52.Borzekowski believes that TV’s negative effect on children’s marks may mainly lie in what children watch on TV and how much time they spend on it.

　　Borzekowski認為電視給孩子的成績帶來負面影響，原因主要在於其收看內容和時長。

　　【解析】E***。細節題。根據句中TV’s negative effect可將答案定位於E***段，此段整段都在探討電視負面效應的原因。其中一句尤為點題：Borzekowskibelieves that content and the lime the"IV is on may be the primary reasons for its negative effect.Borzekowski認為電視內容和觀看的時間可能是導致電視機的負面影響的主要原因。What children watch on TV and how much time they spend on it是.content and the time的同類表述。

　　53•Lucas thinks parents should take the responsibility to supervise kids’TV watchin.　Lucas認為父母有責任監督孩子看電視。

　　【解析】 L***。細節題。根據句中parents should take the responsibility可將答案定位於L***段首句。Lucas認為孩予看電視的時間和內容應該完全由父母負責監督。

　　54.According to　the recommendation　from　American　Academy　of　Peadialrics，children under　2 should　watch TV.

　　美國小兒科協會建議不要讓兩歲以下孩子看電視。

　　【解析】 I***。細節題。根據句中Amcerican Academy of Peadiatrics和under2可將答案定位於I***段倒數第二句。Zimmerman表示家長應該聽從美國小兒科學會的建議，不要讓2歲以下的孩子看電視。

　　55.Hancox thinks earlier childhood TV watching affects one’s acquiring a college degree most.

　　Hancox認為兒童早期看電視最影響一個人能否獲取大學學位。

　　【解析】 G***。細節題。根據句中earlier childhood和college degree可將答案定位於G***段第二句。一項有趣的發現是，雖然少年時期看電視很可能會導致沒有畢業就離開學校，但是對能否取得學位影響最大的卻是童年時期看電視。

 

 

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　　Directions：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each smtement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.1ndentify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

　　Creative Book Report Ideas A.Are you at a loss for creative book report ideas for your students?If yes.then this article will help you make reading and reviewing books more creative for your class.In an age of PSPs，Xbox，anime and gaming arcades，reading has lost its foothold in the list of hobbies that children tend to cite.

　　Most of the reading that kids do today,comes in the form of compulsory books that they need to read for school and maybe that is the reason they find reading to be an insurmountable and boring task.If you want to inculcate the love for languages and literary masterpieces in your students and want them to devour books everyone should read，then a good way of going about the same would be to get them to start working on creative book report ideas.While working on creative ideas for book reports，your students will have to understand the book in a way that allows them to come up with new ways to present to the class，the essence of the book.

　　B.As a teachel while egging your students to activate their creative gray cells.you will have to help them out with basic ideas that they can work on.Depending on the age bracket that your students belong to，the creative book report ideas will vary.This is so，not just because of the varying attention spans that children of various age groups posses but also because of the amount of work that kids can put into the report.While a middle school student wiIl be comfortable handling a handy cam，a student from elementary school will be more fascinated if he is working with paints and puppets.So do you want to know how to write a book report creatively?In this article.we will list out for you，a couple of good creative book report ideas for elementary students and for middle school students.

　　C.A book report sandwich is a good creative idea for book reports.As a teacher you can get drawings of a sandwich on sheets of Paper that are of the color of the ingredients of your sandwich，for example，a cream sheet of paper to resemble mayonnaise，red to represent tomato and likewise.Ob.

　　viously,each ingredient should be cut in a way that when assembled together,it looks like a sandwich.Now,give each of your students one of these book sandwiches to create their book report.

　　It can start with the name of the book and the author’s name on the top slice of the sandwich.The second ingredient can have the summary of the book on it.Each subsequent ingredient can have a description of the main characters，the setting of the book，the plot，and then his or her views about the book.Once they are done with their book reports，they can staple the book sandwich together and then，you can create a class bulletin board with all the book report sandwiches on display.

　　D.One of the good techniques to retell a story,it is also one of the favorite creative book report ideas among students.The job that the student will have is to read the book and then pick a few objects at his/her home which will allow him/her to retell the story in a way that makes it interesting for his/ her audience.Every time he/she picks out an object from the bag to report the book he/she has read，there has to be a valid connection between the book and the object，which the student can first ask the audience to guess and then go ahead and explain it.This idea is spin—off on the normal show and tells and allows for an interactive book report session.

　　E.This is one of the creative ideas for book reports in which.as the teacher, you will have to divideyour class into groups and give them one book each.The students can then read the book and get together and write a play and act it out for the class.To give a deeper insight into the book，one of the students can play the role of the author and as a group，the students can try and recreate the thought Drocess of the author.The student playing the role of the author can then interrupt the play at lmportant iunctllres and talk about the reasons for these twists in the play and how he/she came up with these plot lines.

　　F.As a voung adult，your student’s fascination may go beyond the immediate concerns of the book.

　　He/she may want to understand the circumstances in which the book was written，the times then，the events happening in the world and get the author’s perspective about the book.Encourage your students to mink on those lines.Divide the class into pairs and give each pair one book to read.Let them then do the roles of the author and a journalist.You can have an interview session in front of the class.enabling them to dissect the book and get a peek into the author’s world.

　　G.In a technology—obsessed world，it maybe a very tiny minority of your class that does not get excited with the Drospect of shooting a film.One of the best creative book report ideas for middle school， you will need to divide the class into groups and give them at least two months to adapt the book that thev have been assigned，into a film.The movie should have a well—adapted screenplay,and allother prerequisites，like a lighting engineer,sound engineer, costume designer,etc.At the end of the given time，the film can be screened in front of the class and then discussed.

　　H.If you are on the lookout for good individual creative book report ideas，then this one could be for you.Assign every student a book and then ask them to start maintaining a diary,from the author’sDoint of vie w.Ask them to come up with imaginary incidents from the author’s life and use historical events to explain why the author wrote the book in a certain manner.Alternately, you can also ask your students to give a surrogate ending to the story.

　　I***、These are just few of the options that you could use to inspire your students to come up with creative book report ideas.As kids we tend to be more imaginative and creative .Encourage your students to mink om of the box and appreciate them for their efforts.This will help you have a class that is not only lively and inquisitive by nature but also a class that will cultivate a love for words.

　　46.11eachers can create a class bulletin board to display all the book report sandwiches after their students finish their reports.

　　47.Adopting the method of knowing your author,teachers can encourage students to think beyond the immediate concerns of the book.

　　48.Asking me students to write from their own point of view is suitable for teachers who are on the lookout for good individual creative book report ideas.

　　49.Retelling a story is one of the favorite creative book report ideas among students and it tells and allows for an interactive book report session.

　　50.Nowadays，most of book children read are those they need to read for school.

　　51.Teachers tend to be more imaginative and creative as kids.

　　52.While working on creative ideas for book reports，students will have to understand the book.

　　53.The creative book report ideas vary according to ages because children in different age groups have different attention span.

　　54.If teachers ask their students to shoot a film about a book，they should give them no fewer than two months.

　　55.Teachers have to divide their class into groups and give them one book each is a good creative book report ideas.



 

　　Section B

　　創意讀書報告

　　46.Teachers can create a class bulletin board to display all the book report sandwiches after their students finish their reports.

　　在學生完成他們的讀書報告後，老師可以設立一個班級佈告板，把所有的三明治讀書報告展示出來。

　　【解析】C。細節題。由句中的sandwiches after可定位到C.段，文章指出一旦學生完成了讀書報告，他們可以把三明治書本裝訂起來，你可以在班上設立一個佈告板，上面展示所有的三明治讀書報告。

　　47.Adopting the method of knowing your author,teachers can encourage students to think beyond the immediate concerns ofthe book.

　　採用了了解你的作者的方法，老師應該鼓勵學生不只是思考目前書中的問題。

　　【解析】F。細節題。文章F***段開頭指出“As a young adult，your student’S fascination may go beyond the immediate concerns ofthe book.”。也就是說學生的興趣可能不只是在目前書本的內容上。他/她可能想理解成書的背景、時代以及當時世界上發生的事情，還想了解作者對這本書的看法。老師要鼓勵學生按照這些思路去思考。

　　48.Asking the students to write from their own point of view is suitable for teachers who are on the lookout for good individual creative book report ideas.

　　讓學生們用自己的觀點寫，適合那些關注好的個人創意讀書報告想法的老師。

　　【解析】H。細節題。H***段第一句話指出“If you are on the lookout for good individual creative book reportideas，thenthis one couldbeforyou.”，onthelookout為固定搭配，指“尋找，注視，警惕”。

　　49.Retelling a story is one of the favorite creative book report ideas among students and it tells and allows for an interactive book report session.

　　複述故事是學生最喜歡的一種創意讀書報告形式，它允許有一個互動的讀書報告會。

　　【解析】D。細節題。文章D.段開頭和結尾指出，口頭複述故事是講故事的一個很好的技巧，同時也是學生最喜歡的創意讀書報告形式，它能夠允許我們有一個互動的讀書報告會。

　　50.Nowadays，most ofbook children read are those they need to read for school.

　　如今孩子們讀的書大部分是那些他們為了學業不得不去讀的。

　　【解析】A。細節題。根據句子中的most ofbooks children read可定位到A.段第四句話，文章指出“Most of the reading that kids do today,comes in the form of compulsory books that they need to read for school”，本題是文中這句話的同義轉換。

　　51.Teachers tend to be more imaginative and creative as kids.

　　老師還是孩子的時候更有想象力和創造力。

　　【解析】I。細節題。根據本句中的as kids可定位到文章的I***段第二句話，文章指出“As kids we tend to be more imaginative and creative.”tend t0意為“趨向”。

　　52.While working on creative ideas for book reports，students will have to understand the book.

　　當製作創意讀書報告的時候，學生們必須理解全書。

　　【解析】A。細節題。文章A.段指出，在製作創意讀書報告的時候，學生們必須用一種方式去理解書本，這讓他們能夠以新的方式把書中的主旨展示給同學。

　　53.The creative book report ideas vary according to ages because children in different age groups have different attention span.

　　根據年齡段的不同，創意讀書報告也不同，因為不同年齡段的孩子注意力集中的時間不同。

　　【解析】 B。細節題。根據本句中的vary以及age groups可定位到B.段第二、三句話，文章提到了不同年齡組的人注意力集中的時間不一樣，可以完成的工作量不一樣，注意這裡是年齡組不是年齡點

　　54.If teachers ask their students to shoot a film about a book，they should give them no fewer than two months.

　　如果老師要求學生把書拍成電影，老師應該給他們至少兩個月的時間。

　　【解析】G。細節題。根據本句中的film以及two months可定位到小標題G***段第二句話，at least和no fewer than都表示“至少”。

　　55.Teachers divide their class into groups and give them one book each and the students can then read the book and get together and write a play and act it out for the class，which is a good creative book report ideas.

　　老師必須把班級中的學生分成若干組，並給每組一本書，學生可以一起去讀書，並寫一個劇本，然後在課上表演出來，這是一種創意讀書報告。

　　【解析】E。細節題。文章E***指出“This is one ofthe creative ideas for book reports in which.as the teacher,you will have to divide your class into groups and give them one book each.The students can then read the book and get together and write a play and act it out for the class.”。本句是文章的同義轉換。