英語主謂語法一致的學習原則

　　謂語受主語支配，須和主語在人稱和數上保持一致，這叫做主謂一致。主謂一致一般遵循三條原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則和就近一致原則。

　　***1***以單數名詞或代詞，動詞不定式短語作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數;主語為複數時，謂語用複數，例如：

　　He goes to school early every morning.

　　The children are playing outside.

　　To work hard is necessary for a student.

　　***2***由and或both……and連線的並列成分作主語時，謂語動詞用複數。例如：

　　Both he and I are right.

　　Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.

　　但並列主語如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數。例如：

　　His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.

　　The poet and writer has come.

　　***3***由and連線的並列單數主語之前如果分別由each, every修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數形式。例如：

　　In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.

　　Each man and each woman is asked to help.

　　***4***主語是單數時，儘管後面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介詞短語，謂語動詞仍用單數。例如：

　　The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.

　　Nobody but two boys was late for class.

　　Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.

　　***5*** 一些只有複數形式的名詞，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主語時，謂語動詞要用複數。例如：

　　A lot of people are dancing outside.

　　The police are looking for lost boy.

　　***6***由each, some, any, no, every 構成的複合代詞作主語時，謂語動詞都用單數。例如：

　　Is everybody ready?

　　Somebody is using the phone.

　　***7***有兩部分構成的物體的名詞，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主語時，謂語動詞用複數。例如：

　　Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.

　　Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.

　　如果這類名詞前用了a pair of等，則往往用作單數，謂語動詞的單複數形式往往取決於pair的單複數形式。例如：

　　Here are some new pairs of shoes.

　　My new pair of socks is on the bed.