狀語從句的用法
狀語從句 Adverbial Clause，在複合句中作狀語的從句，叫做狀語從句。句子用作狀語時，起副詞作用。下面小編就給大家介紹。
1. 時間狀語從句
常用引導詞：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引導詞：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard果園 the moment they saw the guard.
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
2. 地點狀語從句
常用引導詞：where
特殊引導詞：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
3. 原因狀語從句
常用引導詞：because, since, as, for
特殊引導詞：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.
4. 目的狀語從句
常用引導詞：so that, in order that
特殊引導詞：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
5. 結果狀語從句
常用引導詞：so … that, so… that, such … that,
特殊引導詞：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
6. 條件狀語從句
常用引導詞：if, unless,
特殊引導詞：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
7. 讓步狀語從句
常用引導詞：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引導詞： as用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝，while 一般用在句首 ，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
儘管我很尊敬他， 我卻不同意他的建議。
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
He won’t listen whatever you may say.
8. 比較狀語從句
常用引導詞：as同級比較, than不同程度的比較
特殊引導詞：the more … the more … ; just as …， so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之於人，猶如油之於機器。
9. 方式狀語從句
常用引導詞：as, as if, how
特殊引導詞：the way
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
10. 狀語從句的簡化
狀語從句的省略
狀語從句同時具備下列兩個條件:①主句和從句的主語一致，或從句主語為it;②從句主要動詞是be的某種形式。從句中的主語和be動詞常可省略。例如：
When the museum is completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .
He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if it is possible.
另外，比較狀語從句經常省略。例如：
I’m taller than he is tall .
The higher the temperature is, the greater the pressure is .
就狀語從句而言,有時為了使語言言簡意賅,常常將狀語從句進行"簡化"。狀語從句的"簡化"現象在口語中較為普遍,而且在高考中的復現率也較高。因此,有必要對其進行全面、透徹的瞭解。
狀語從句的"簡化"現象常存在於以下五種狀語從句中:①由if, unless等引導的條件狀語從句;②由although, though, even if / though等引導的讓步狀語從句;③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引導的時間狀語從句;④由as, as if等引導的方式狀語從句;⑤由as, than等引導的比較狀語從句。下面針對這五種情形作一歸納。
1當狀語從句的主語是it,且謂語動詞是be時,it和be要完全簡化掉。例如:
If it is possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的話,他會幫你擺脫困境。
You must attend the meeting unless it is inconvenient to you.除非情況對你來說不方便,否則你必須出席這次會議。
2當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時,從句可以將主語和be動詞簡化掉。常用於以下幾種情形:
a.連詞+形容詞
As he was young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小時候就學會了騎自行車。
Whenever she is free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。
Work hard when you are young, or you'll regret.少壯不努力,老大徒傷悲。
b.連詞+名詞
While he was a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提時代就樂於助人。
Although he was a farmer, now he is a famous director.儘管他曾是個農民,而現在是位著名的導演了。
c.連詞+現在分詞
As she was walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿著河堤邊走邊唱著流行歌曲。
Although he is doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.儘管近來他一直在學數學,但他仍然沒有取得好成績。
d.連詞+過去分詞
He won't go there with us unless he is invited.除非受到邀請,否則他不會和我們一道去那裡。
The concert was a great success than it was expected.這場音樂會出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。
e.連詞+不定式
He stood up as if he were to say something.當時他站起來好像要說什麼。He wouldn't solve the problem even if he were to take charge.即使他來負責,他也解決不了這個問題。
f. 連詞+介詞短語
She looked anxious as though she was in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻煩。
He had mastered the English language before he was in the USA.他到美國之前就懂英語了。
注意:當從句主語和主句主語不一致時,從句部分要麼用完全形式,要麼用獨立主格結構來表達。例如:
When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.當會議結束時,人們都走出了會議室。=The meeting over
狀語從句的時態特點
一般情況下，時間和條件狀語從句的謂語動詞一般用“一般現在時”表示“一般將來時”，用“現在完成時”表示“將來完成時”。例如：
I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就給你打電話。這是由as soon as引導的時間狀語從句，從句中的謂語動詞arrive是一般現在時，表示一般將來時，決不可用will arrive
As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作，就回家。從句中的謂語動詞用現在完成時have finished，表示將來完成時,決不可用will have finished
If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回來了，請通知我。從句中的謂語動詞用comes back,表示一般將來時，決不可用will come back