瀋陽故宮導遊詞(中英文對照)

瀋陽故宮導遊詞(中英文對照)

  瀋陽故宮是中國僅存的兩大宮殿建築群之一,又稱盛京皇宮,為清朝初期的皇宮。以下是小編整理的瀋陽故宮導遊詞(中英文對照),歡迎閱讀。

  瀋陽故宮導遊詞(英文)

    Hello,everyone!Please allow me to express a warm welcome on behalf of Shenyang citizens.I'm with great pleasure to be your tourist guide and from now on I will show you around Shenyang Imperial Palace,shere the founder of Qing Dynasty Nuerhachi and his son Huangtaiji lived.Shenyang Imperial Palace ,Fuling tomb and Zhaoling Tomb made in the early period of Qing Dynasty are the three famous historical sites in Shenyang .

    Shenyang Imperial Palace with a history of over 360 years started in 1625 and was roughly accomplished in 1636 during the reign of Nuerhachi and HuangTaiji. After them four emperors of Qing Dynasty had come back from Beijing to this palace for 10 times and enlarged its area and added its buildings.They were Emperor Kangxi,Qianlong,Jiaqing and Daoguang.Therefore,until 1783 the palace was finally finished.

    Shenyang Imperial Palace is one of the two royal palaces well kept in China.The other one is Forbidden City in Beijing.Shenyang Imperial Palace was entitled "Historic Culture Relics Preserved Buildings" in 1961 by the State Council.This palace is an emperor museum combining the architectual styles of the minorities of Man,Han and Mongolia.

    This palace covers an area of 60,000 square meters,comprising over 20 courtyards,300 houses and 70 buildings.The whole construction is divided into three sections: the east, middle and west.

     First let's pay a visit to the buildings in the buildings in the middle section.The layout of middle section is similar to a Chinese compound with three courtyards.The first courtyard is the office area.It starts from the Grand Qing Gate on the south and ends at Holy Administration Hall.From Phoenix Tower to Purity and Tranquility Hall is the residential area.They all lay out on the same line.

    The main entrance to the palace is the Grand Qing Gate,also called Meridian Gate because the emperor considered himself as the son of Heaven and the palace should be the center of universe .The Grand Qing Gate was bulilt in 1632 and is was the place where the civilian offcials and military ministers to present themselves before the emperor daily .The special feature of the gate is the tile color.They are all yellow tiles but engraved with green borders.Yellow synbolizes the ground and the royal right while green represents sea and mountains.The combination of them means controlling the vast areas on the earth.

    The building to the east of Grand Qing Gate is called Ancestor Temple(Taimiao)with yellow tile roof,where Nuerhachi's descendants offeredsacrifices to their ancestors for blessings.So Ancestor Temple is the most important.

    Please follow me into the gate.This path in the middle links the gate to Holy Administration Hall with Flying Dragon Pavilion (Feilongge) and Flying Phoenix Pavilion(Xiangfengge) on each side.The Hall of Holy Administration is the main building in the middle part of the palace and it was the center of the military,administrative affairs in eatly Qing Dynasty and had witnessed many national ceremories.Flying Dragon and Flying Phoenix Pavilions were for storing music instruments.

    Holy Administration Hall was Emperor Huangtaiji's office.In front of the hall are Rigui and Jiangliang,which were used as measure instruments and supposed to be the symbol of unity.

     In accient construction,office area is usually in the front part and residential area is in the rear.Since we have visted the place where the Emperors worked and now we'll pay a visite tothe place where empress and concubines lived.Here is the Phoenis Tower.It served as an entrances to the rear chambers and also the entertainment area of Huangtaiji and his concubines,and some gatherings or banquets were held occasionally.The tower was built on a terrace 3.8 meters tall.It was the tallest building in Shenyang at that time .It is amazing watching sunrise in the morning on the tower and Phoenix Sunrise is one of the famous Eight fascinating Scenes in Shenyang.

  Look upward ,we will see a board hanging up on Phoenix Tower ,on which Emperor Qianlong inscribed "Ziqidonglai",which meant the Qing Dynasty in Beijing immigrated fron Shengjing,the old name for Shenyang to the east .There are 24staircases leading to Phoenix Tower representing 24 seasonal divisions points in chinese lunar calendar.In Shenyang Imperial palace chambers are higher than halls, which is contrary to the architectural style in Forbidden city in Beijing.

    Walking through the tower are the rear chambers.The one on the north in the middle was called Purity and Tranquility Hall,which was prepared for emperor and empress.The other four lying on both sides were fo concubines .Purity and Tranquility Hall has five rooms and the First from the east was where Huangraiji passed away here at the age of 52 without any disease.His throne passed to his ninth son,Fulin.In early Qing Dynasty,the construction style was summed up like this: bag-like house,zigzag bed and chimney sitting on the ground.The main buildings here were different from other buildings with a door was opende in the wall of the east room and the other rooms were connected together like a bag.The zigzag beds,made of mud and brick and with fire and smoke tunnels were called"kang"in Chinese.In order to get heat and keep room warm in winter,tunnels was made under the ground of Purity and Tranquility Hall to put fire and smoke through .Now notice the pole standing on the ground for smoke through.Now notice the pole standing right in the middle of the courtyard.This red pole is called Suolun pole,or Holy Pole.Its round tin container near the top was filled with food for feeding crows.It was said that Nuerhachi was savedby crows.Crows are considered sacred in Manchurian culture though in Chinese culture crows are regarded as birds bringing bad luck.

    Emperor Huangtaiji had four concubines.Among the four concubines Chen was loved best by Huangtaiji and Concubine Zhuang was the wisest and the mother of the next emperor,Fulin.Therefore ,she had a special status among the concubines.

    The only chimney was built on the rear of Purity and Tranquility hall from the ground with 11 layers ,representing the 11 emperors from Emperor Huangtaiji to the last emperor Puyi.This chimney was the highest one at that time.In Chinese ,the sound of chimeny"tong" is the same as that of unity.

    To the north further is rear courtyard called Yuhua Garden.

    After visiting the middle section of the palace ,we come to the eastern section.Its representative building is the Great Administration Hall,flanked by Ten Princes Pavilions.This part was built in 1625,and they were the earliest building in Shenyang Imperial Palace.Great Administration Hall is the place ceremonies and handled state affairs.

    Great Administration Hall was built with eight sides representing the style of military tent and also Eight Banner military system.Now please look at the ten pavilions,five on each side,which were the offices of the commanders at that time.Here I will give you an introduction to the military system of early Manchurian Period .Nuerhachi divided his troops in four parts and each part was identified by the color of its banner .There sere then four kinds of banner:red,blue,white and yellow banner.As the troops expanded quickly ,another four parts were added and therefore another four kinds of banner were needed .By then there were altogether eight kinds of banner.This army was therefore well known for Eight Banner Army .

    The last part of Shenyang Imperial Palace is the western section,built from 1782 to 1783 and during Emperor Qianlong's reign.Its main construction is Book Source Pavilion (Wensuge) with Theater Platform and Good Descendant-benefiting Hall(Jiayintang) in front,Prosperity Administration Stydy (Yangxizhai) and Nine Halls behind.Book Souurce Pavilion(wensuge) was specially designed for storing the encyclopedia compiled at that time,Si Ku Quan Shu.This encyclopedia collected most of the books in Chinese history .Its complication started in 1773.This set of history books is composed of seven sections,more than 36,000 volumes.It took educated persons over 10 years to finish is.When finished,the sholecneyclopedia was duplicated in seven pavilions across China.The other six copies were either damaged during wars or lost.This set is the only one well kept.But the real copy is no longer here and now is restored in the Palace Museum in Beijing and Gansu province library.We can see that Book Source Pavilion covered with black tiles.In Chinese philosophy,black refers water.The pavilion was built for storing books and its biggest threat was fire.So black tiles hinting water covering it on the top as a way of protection .Good Proserty Admiration Study was for Emperor reading while Descendant-benefiting Hall and the Theater Platform consisting of a couryard for Emperor ,his empress and concubines watching plays.

  Shenyang Imperial Palace is one of the cultural relics in China and it is the symbol of this city .It is a good combination of diferent nationalities as well as a tourist attraction.And now we have to end our visiting ,I hope you all enjoy it and thank you for your cooperation,goodbye.

  瀋陽故宮導遊詞(中文)

  各位遊客大家好,我們此次遊覽的景點是世界文化遺產、國家 4A級景區、國家重點文物保護單位——瀋陽故宮。故宮,顧名思義就是舊時宮殿,瀋陽故宮始建於後金(努爾哈赤建立政權之初國號為金,史稱後金)天命十年(公元1625年)。先後經過三次大規模建設,形成了東中西三路格局。其中東路為老罕王努爾哈赤進瀋陽以後修建;中路為努爾哈赤的兒子清太宗皇太極繼位以後興建;西路則為清朝中期乾隆皇帝東巡和為了安放《四庫全書》而修建。全部建築70餘座,300餘間,組成20多組院落。作為我國現存儲存最完好的兩座宮殿之一,與北京故宮遙相呼應,卻又有著與北京故宮截然不同的建築風格和格局樣式。那麼我們今天就來領略一下昔日皇宮的風采。

  (故宮門前)我們現在所在的位置是故宮門前,東西各有一座牌坊。東邊為文德坊,西邊為武功坊。老瀋陽人俗稱為“東華門”和“西華門”。古時候大臣上朝之時從東華門入朝。先在東西朝房侯朝。我們眼前的這座掛有郭沫若題詞《瀋陽故宮》牌匾的建築就是大清門,大家可能會問,這座像房子一樣的建築為什麼叫做門,它與我們常見的門有很大的區別!門作為古代建築中重要的組成部分,同樣也是等級制度直觀體現。如我們常聽說的“柴門”,柴門是用柴木搭建的一個只有門框的門,這也是等級地位最低的門。再有單開門,**門。有錢有勢人家的門要高出地面修建在臺基上。我們眼前這座大清門是五間硬山頂的屋宇式的大門,中間三間為門,南北都設有臺階,兩梢間有檻牆木窗,皇家的大門明顯異於常人。大清門雖然只是出入宮殿的通道,但作為皇宮的門面裝飾也力求華麗美觀。除黃綠兩色的琉璃瓦屋頂和簷下的雕樑畫棟外,最引人注目的要算是牆體四角的琉璃“墀頭”,每組都由上下相聯的四部分組合而成,黃、藍色調為主,間以紅、白、綠等色,浮雕雲龍飛鳳,瑞獸奇花,鮮豔多彩,燒造精緻,雖然不處於建築的中心部位,卻成為最亮麗斑斕的藝術傑作。這座門為什麼叫做“大清門”哪?正統的說法是清朝的國號為“清”,宮殿的門又叫國門,所以叫“大清門”。還有個傳說:這座宮門在建成以後並沒有名稱,只是叫做“大門”。後來崇德元年皇太極改國號為“大清”以後,聽說明朝北京皇城的正門叫做“大明門”,為了針鋒相對,克其鋒芒,就把這座大門命名為“大清門”。古時上朝之時文武大臣按照文東武西排列站在大清門前兩側侯朝議事。在大清門的東側有一座封閉的院落——太廟。所謂“太廟”即皇帝奉祀祖先的宗廟。清朝有太廟制度始於崇德元年皇太極改元稱帝之時,前殿供奉太祖努爾哈赤和太后。葉赫納拉氏(皇太極生母)神位,後殿則供奉努爾哈赤以上四代祖先,即猛哥帖木兒、福滿、覺昌安、塔克世及其妻的神位。太廟建成後,每年逢清明、除夕等日,皇太極都要親自前往焚香祭祀。順治遷都北京後,先是把太祖朝的神位移往北京太廟,原來的盛京太廟因為只剩下四祖神位,改稱為“四四祖廟”。清朝歷代皇帝東巡祭祖陵的皇帝在進入瀋陽故宮之前,都要先到廟中向自己祖先的玉寶玉冊上香行禮。

  (中路)我們走進大清門,在右側有一個瀋陽故宮的微縮,可以領略瀋陽故宮的全貌。穿過大清門我們來到了瀋陽故宮中路的頭道院落。我們正面的建築就是瀋陽故宮的“金鑾殿”——崇政殿。興建之初名字叫做“正殿”。崇德元年定名為崇政殿。崇政殿為五間九檁硬山式建築,殿頂鋪黃琉璃瓦,鑲綠剪邊,正脊飾五彩琉璃龍紋及火焰珠。其中請各位遊客注意的是殿頂的琉璃瓦,有去過北京故宮的朋友一定會清楚地記得北京故宮的琉璃瓦是黃色的,而瀋陽的琉璃瓦是黃色鑲綠剪邊。這是瀋陽故宮與北京故宮的重要差別之一。我們走上臺基。在臺基兩側分別有用於計時的日晷,和存放標準計量單位的嘉量亭。此外臺基上四口盛滿清水的大缸大家知道是做什麼用的嗎?當然不是皇帝養金魚的魚缸。這四口缸被稱作是“吉祥缸”古代稱它是“門海”,是古代皇宮中重要的防火設施。那又有朋友問了,冬天北方的天氣很冷,水都會結冰。沒關係,缸下可以點燃炭火既可以化冰,又可取暖。我們走上須彌座。頭上牌匾用滿文和漢文書寫的“崇政殿”,請看左邊的滿文,我們有個形象的比喻“中間一根棍,兩邊都是刺,加上圈和點,就是滿文字兒”。瀋陽故宮的牌匾都是滿文在左,漢文在右。而北京故宮的牌匾都是漢文在左,滿文在右。這是瀋陽故宮與北京故宮的差別之二。崇政殿內現在的陳設是乾隆東巡後按照北京故宮乾清宮的陳設擺放的。上面“正大光明”匾額為順治皇帝御筆親書。下面就是皇帝的寶座,據說寶座上繪製雕刻有8條金龍,算上坐在寶座上的真龍天子正好是中國古代最大的陽數九條龍。寶座後面是金質屏風。上面刻有康熙皇帝從古代經書中摘出的言十二句銘文聖訓,作為自己和後世皇帝治理國家的座右銘鐫刻在御座之旁的。陳設在龍椅前後的有鶴式燭臺、燻爐、塔式香亭、甪端、“太平有象”等。從乾隆時起,皇帝還把一些相關的題詠詩章手跡製成匾聯懸掛殿內。寶座前的“念茲戎功用肇造我區夏,慎乃儉德式勿替有歷年”藍地金字對聯出自乾隆皇帝手跡,殿北門內上方還掛有嘉慶、,道光御題崇政殿詩金字木匾等等。當年清太宗皇太極繼位後勵精圖治,1636年皇太極就是在這裡釋出詔書。將國號“金”改為“清”;改元“天聰”為“崇德”;改“女真族”為“滿族”。那為什麼要改國號和族名哪?國號有為什麼叫做“清”哪?話說皇太極請遍能人高手,為國家和民族改名。這群能人高手裡有個在深山出家的老和尚,法號無然。無然長老給他出主意:明朝的“明”字光輝燦爛,屬於“火”,要想滅火,就得用水,族號叫“滿”,國號叫“清”,這“滿清”二字都帶三點“水”,六水滅火,可得中原天下。皇太極信服極了,要改就徹底改,把自己這個罕王也改了,乾脆和大明朝並列,也就叫皇帝吧!

  在崇政殿前的東西兩側分別為“飛龍閣”和“翔鳳閣”。“飛龍閣”和“翔鳳閣”主要是為皇帝藏珍納寶的。許多珍貴的文物都藏於此間。“飛龍閣”和“翔鳳閣”後面分別是用於存瓷器的東七間樓和存放書籍墨刻的西七間樓。

  我們離開崇政殿,穿過左翎門來到崇政殿的後院。在東西兩側的分別是“日華樓”、“師善齋”、“霞綺樓”、“協中齋”。後期主要用於皇子教育,也就是“皇家貴族學校”。在我們的正面有一約四米的高臺,臺中環繞有女兒牆,臺上就是瀋陽故宮的後宮部分。哪為什麼後宮要建築在一座高臺上那?這就要從滿足民俗說起。滿族作為我國北方的一個少數民族。生存狀況相對惡劣。經常受到虎狼這樣的野獸的攻擊。於是聰明的滿族人將居住之所建住宅一個土臺之上,地勢較高可以有效的防範野獸的攻擊。這就形成了瀋陽故宮和北京故宮的差別之

  三。北京故宮的前朝建築在高大的須彌座上,後寢建築在平地上。瀋陽故宮正好與之相反。臺上有一高樓。此樓名曰“鳳凰樓”。原名“五鳳樓”、“翔鳳樓”。鳳凰樓採用三滴水歇山式圍廊,頂鋪黃琉璃瓦,鑲綠剪邊。每層深廣各三間,周圍有迴廊,下層的門洞是聯絡臺上臺下的通道。風凰樓既是後宮的大門。此樓為當時瀋陽城最高建築。瀋陽古稱“盛京”。“盛京八景”(天柱排青、輝山晴雪、渾河晚渡、塔灣夕照、柳塘避暑、鳳樓曉日、皇寺鳴鐘、萬泉垂釣)之一的“鳳樓曉日”的典故就出於此處。站在樓上可以最先看到東方朝氣蓬勃的曉日。傳說當年站在鳳凰樓上可以看到撫順城。鳳凰樓是清寧宮的門戶,也是皇帝策劃軍政大事、休息小憩和宴請之所。登上象徵二十四節氣的二十四級臺階。抬頭可見乾隆皇帝御筆親書“紫氣東來”。“紫氣東來”的典故出自漢朝劉向的《列仙傳》老子過函谷關的故事,後世引用為“紫氣東來”。乾隆用紫氣東來比如大清王朝自東方興起,向西入關定鼎中原。

  穿過鳳凰樓我們進入了一處院落,此處就是皇太極的後宮所在。這裡為典型的滿族四合院建築。正面的是皇太極的中宮“清寧宮”。東西兩側分別排列著,東配宮:關雎宮和衍慶宮;西配宮:麟趾宮和永福宮。我們下面依次參觀。從外面看清寧宮,我們就會發現滿族的民居有一個明顯的不同。漢族的民族門通常開在正中間,而我們眼前的滿族民居的門卻開在靠東的一側。滿族民居有句名諺“口袋房、萬字炕、煙囪出在地面上”。滿族早期多依山傍水而居,以方便和適應他們的生產生活習慣。滿族農村房屋正房一般為三間或五間,坐北朝南便於採光,均在東端南邊開門,形如口袋,俗稱“口袋房”,便於聚暖。東西各有廂房,配以門房,這便構成通常所說的四合院。房屋多為起脊磚瓦房,俗稱“海青房”。房柱皆插地,門向南開,高大寬敞。房內正對門一間謂堂屋,又稱外屋,設廚灶鍋臺、水缸,灶通西內室火炕,火炕。從堂屋西牆開門為裡屋,為南、北、西三面構成“萬字坑”。滿族尚右,西牆供祖宗牌位。西炕為窄炕,不住人,下通煙道。南北對面炕。上鋪炕蓆。夜間長輩居於西屋南炕,北炕分居兄弟子媳。就寢時,頭朝炕外,腳抵牆,對防寒和呼吸新鮮空氣頗為適宜。牆壁多貼有紙畫。為御北方寒冷,有的還建有火地。屋外西山牆頭砌有煙囪,高出房簷數尺。煙囪根底有窩風窠,以擋逆風。我們進入清寧宮參觀。住在清寧宮的女主人姓博爾濟吉特氏,名哲哲。死後唄冊封為孝端文皇后。哲哲,是蒙古科爾沁貝勒莽古思的女兒。十五歲時嫁給皇太極,生有三個女兒。由於哲哲孃家科爾沁部在蒙古各部落中歸附後金最早,與之關係最緊密,所以皇太極改元稱帝冊封后妃時,便將地位顯貴的哲哲立為中宮皇后,她是清代歷史上第一位行大禮、正式冊封的皇后。順治七年哲哲故去,諡號為“孝端文皇后” ,同皇太極一起合葬在清昭陵(瀋陽北陵)。請各位朝西面看。滿族人以西方為大。所以西面供奉著神龕,此幅畫像為關公。滿族八旗以《三國演義》為兵書。故而非常崇拜關羽。滿族人把關羽封為武神。在清朝以前我國的武神是岳飛。清朝人統一天下以後,因岳飛曾經和滿族的先祖做過戰。所以岳飛下了崗,關公成為新一任的武神。在神像的兩側分別掛有“萬福之原”和“合撰延祺”。“萬福之原”是乾隆御筆,意為萬福來原於神的賜予。“合撰延祺”是嘉慶御筆,意為聚集天地之靈氣,使幸福綿長。下面提一個小問題。有知道清寧宮中這倆口大鍋的用途的嗎???我來解釋一下:這兩口鍋是用來祭祀的。滿族人信奉薩滿教。薩滿祭祀過程既莊重虔誠又有神秘色彩,主持祭祀的薩滿巫師頭上帶著高高的神帽,身上繫著腰鈴,手中拿著單面鼓,在地中央邊唱邊跳。我們現代所說的“跳大神”就是從薩滿巫師中演變過來的。主要的祭品是自家養的黑色雛公豬,人們將熱酒灌進豬的耳朵,如果豬耳朵有晃動即表示神靈已經接收該祭品。如果不動,則表示神靈不滿意,則本次祭祀活動不能在進行下去了。豬由於受到刺激就會搖頭,稱為“領牲”,滿族人認為此時的豬已經通神,成為連線天地的媒介。然後將豬宰殺後煺洗乾淨,切成大塊,放入北側的兩口大鍋裡清水煮熟,先放入木槽內供奉給神靈享用,然後再分給參加祭祀的人們,稱為“吃福肉”,滿族人相信吃了福肉,福氣就會降臨到每個人的身上。每年正月初一,滿族的.祭祀活動最為盛大。初一早晨王公大臣都要到皇帝家來做客。皇帝會將煮好的福肉賞賜給他們吃(清水煮肉),吃的時候不蘸任何調料。那位能吃到最大的那一塊,則他今年的福氣會最好。其餘剩下的部分會放到門內左側的案板上。在殺豬的時候,豬內臟也是有用處的。將豬內臟取出,置於院中的神杆索倫幹上,供奉滿族的神鳥烏鴉。索倫杆上有錫鬥,杆下放三塊石,稱為“神石”。杆後是一面用磚砌成的壁牆。烏鴉為什麼能成為滿族的神鳥哪?這就要從烏鴉救凡察的故事說起。滿族的先祖有一次背仇家所害。全家只有一個叫凡察的小孩逃了出來,仇家要趕盡殺絕。凡察跑的精疲力竭之時捲曲在一棵棵樹邊。這時恰巧一群烏鴉落在樹上和凡察的身上。仇家經過此地,認為烏鴉是不會在有活人的地方停留,凡察一定不會再這。就這樣凡察得救了,凡察後來成為了滿族的英雄,為族人報了仇。於是滿族開始供奉烏鴉為神鳥,祭祀的時候用豬內臟來供養烏鴉。當有流浪的乞討者經過時也可抓取索倫幹上的東西吃。言歸正傳。清寧宮內東側被隔開裡面稱之為“暖閣”。也就是皇帝皇太極和皇后哲哲的臥室。暖閣內部分為南北兩間,兩間都有火炕(龍床)。這種設計非常巧妙,完全適於北方氣候溫差較大的特點。在漫長寒冷的冬季,住在臨窗的南炕,既明亮,又有充足的陽光照射,自然十分暖和;而在炎炎夏日,避暑移居到北炕,則很涼爽,是理想的居住之所。崇德八年(1643年)八月初九,皇太極端坐在南炕上“無疾而終”,卒年五十二歲,葬在昭陵(即瀋陽北陵)。

  按照中國人的傳統習慣“左高右低”,在清寧宮左右兩側按照地位級別分別是:關雎宮、麟趾宮、衍慶宮、永福宮。我們下面逐一參觀。關雎宮就是皇太極一生中最寵愛的宸妃——海蘭珠,宸妃是蒙古科爾沁部貝勒宰桑之女,也是中宮皇后哲哲的親侄女。海蘭珠歸嫁皇太極時已經26歲,崇德元年皇太極冊封后妃時,海蘭珠後來者居上,被封為東宮大福晉,並把其居住宮室命名為“關雎宮”。“關雎”一詞源於《詩經》首篇“關關雎鳩,在河之洲。窈窕淑女,君子好逑”的詩句,這是一首千古愛情絕唱,把內涵這樣豐富的名字賦予了海蘭珠所住的宮室,足見皇太極對海蘭珠的特殊感情。崇德二年七月宸妃生皇八子,皇太極非常高興,並在大政殿頒詔大赦天下,皇太極這一不尋常的舉動,足以證明對該皇子寵愛有加,可惜這位小皇子來到世上僅七個月,就不幸夭折了。宸妃無法承受這一痛苦的打擊,每日鬱鬱寡歡,積鬱成疾,崇德六年病逝。當時皇太極正在邊外重鎮錦州與明朝作戰,聞訊後馬不停蹄奔回盛京,可還是沒有看到宸妃最後一眼,他悲不自勝,一路奔進關雎宮愛妃的靈柩前“悲涕不止”,並下令以國喪的規格從厚殯葬,同時下旨追封諡號為“敏惠恭和元妃”,使海蘭珠成為有清一代獲諡號字數最多的妃子。此後,皇太極一直生活在懷念宸妃而無法釋懷的狀態中,並結束了他四十餘年的戎馬生涯,再也沒有重返戰場,他常常睹物思人,每次外出圍獵路過宸妃的墓地,皇太極都要憑弔一番,痛哭一場。 兩年後皇太極病逝在清寧宮,享年52歲,皇太極的英年早逝與兩年前宸妃的病逝有著密切的關係。在宸妃的居室,北炕掛著一個搖籃,是宸妃哺育皇子的地方,“養個孩子吊起來”與“窗戶紙糊在外”,“大姑娘叼菸袋”並稱為東北的三大怪。外間是宸妃會客、禮佛、用餐的地方。中間炕上的佛龕裡供奉的是佛祖釋迦牟尼。

   麟趾宮又稱西宮,是皇太極貴妃娜木鐘的寢宮,“麟趾”二字出自《詩經》,意為子孫興旺,乃人中龍鳳。貴妃娜木鐘是蒙古阿巴垓部郡王額齊格諾顏之女,嫁與蒙古察哈爾林丹汗為多羅大福晉,又稱囊囊太后。原稱霸於漠南蒙古的林丹汗,在眾叛親離後死於青海大草灘,娜木鐘率1500戶部眾,歸順皇太極。皇太極出於政治的需要,將其納為福晉,崇德元年,冊封為麟趾宮貴妃。其子博穆博果爾曾在皇太極死後成為福臨(後來的順治皇帝)皇位的最大競爭者。後成為順治朝重臣,死後諡號襄昭親王。

  衍慶宮又稱為次東宮,是皇太極淑妃巴特瑪喿的寢宮,衍慶是福慶長久之意。淑妃也來自阿巴垓部,為林丹汗竇土門福晉,林丹汗死後,與部眾歸順皇太極,崇德元年冊封為衍慶宮淑妃。其女,被皇太極嫁給多爾袞為妻,是多爾袞十位妻妾中六位蒙古族妻妾的之一。

  我們最後來看看皇太極一後四妃中地位最低的永福宮。永福宮位居五宮之末也稱次西宮,是皇太極后妃中名氣最大的莊妃居住的宮室。莊妃本名布木布泰,是蒙古科爾沁貝勒宰桑之女,崇德元年皇太極冊封后妃時,年齡最小的布木布泰被尊為次西宮側福晉。如論及對清政權的鞏固發展與影響,莊妃的作用遠遠超過了其她四位后妃,被後人評價為清朝歷史上最有作為的后妃。莊妃是中宮皇后哲哲的親侄女,東宮宸妃海蘭珠的親妹妹,三人同出於蒙古科爾沁部。努爾哈赤最初打天下的蒙古科爾沁部落是他最強勁的對手之一。多次征戰互有勝負,努爾哈赤覺得繼續打下去沒有好處,於是決定聯合蒙古科爾沁部。雙方一拍即合。於是最原始,最有效的方法聯姻被廣泛的使用。當時還是皇子的皇太極和科爾沁部的哲哲成了親。聯姻最重要的就是要留下一個流淌著兩個家族血液的男性後代。皇后哲哲沒有完成這一使命。在老罕王努爾哈赤晚年,皇位爭奪激烈,四大皇子代善、阿敏、莽古爾泰、皇太極都對皇位存有野心。但是皇太極的妻妾中始終用沒有一個流淌有蒙古血液的兒子,這對他的政治地位很不利。他心急如焚。於是他跑到了科爾沁部想再找一個妻子,於是他選中了後來的莊妃布木布泰。年僅13歲的布木布泰嫁給皇太極,隨後的日子裡布木布泰給皇太極生下了三個女兒。但是也沒有給皇太極生下一個兒子。皇太極繼位以後和蒙古聯姻的事始終纏繞在他的心頭。他又一次來到科爾沁部娶了已經26歲的宸妃海蘭珠。26歲在當時是一個比較大的年齡。有人說海蘭珠此時是一位寡婦。不管怎樣皇太極還是娶了海蘭珠。海蘭珠不負眾望生下了一個兒子,可惜的是七個月后皇子夭折。皇太極十分心痛,正值此時莊妃布木布泰給皇太極生下了一個兒子,皇太極十分高興,親自起名福臨,也就是後來的順治皇帝。皇太極的一後四妃全部來自蒙古草原,都姓博爾濟吉特氏。由此可見皇太極對聯姻蒙古的重視程度。1643年皇太極在清寧宮突然駕崩,引起宮廷皇權的鬥爭,皇太極的長子肅親王豪格(庶出)與皇太極十四弟睿親王多爾袞,互爭皇位相持不下。當時正當清軍挺進中原,一統天下的關鍵時刻,莊妃在這緊要關頭,審時度勢,利用自己的地位和中宮皇后的支援,聯合多爾袞推舉福臨繼位,多爾袞做輔政王,從而避免了險些釀成的宮廷政變及清王朝的分裂。福臨登基,莊妃從此成為皇太后,開始了富有傳奇色彩的政治生涯。順治十八年,順治帝因出天花24歲在北京養心殿英年早逝。在莊妃的支援下,年僅八歲的皇三子玄燁繼位,即康熙皇帝。莊妃又被尊為太皇太后。莊妃在清初政權的鞏固和發展上,起到重要作用,例如在剷除權臣鰲拜的過程中,莊妃在幕後為年輕的康熙皇帝出謀劃策。又如北方察哈爾部趁機叛亂,康熙帝在京師一時無兵可派,關鍵時刻,是莊妃向康熙推薦了大臣圖海,統帥八旗健壯家奴組成的大軍,很快就平定了叛亂的察哈爾,一解康熙的後顧之憂。身為一**,莊妃還以身作則,克己奉公地支援兒孫成就大業,康熙平定三番之亂時,莊妃先後拿出宮中銀兩、緞匹犒賞官兵。康熙二十六年,莊妃病逝,葬於河北遵化清東陵的昭西陵,享年75歲。成為清朝後宮中壽祿最長的女人(其次慈禧74歲)。關於莊妃的傳聞軼事特別多,比如莊妃勸明總督洪承疇降清、莊妃下嫁多爾袞等等。有的是出自民間的傳說,有的至今史學界還爭論不休。其實無論莊妃下嫁與否,都不能抹殺她在清朝歷史上的地位和作用,因此,莊妃稱得上是中國歷史上傑出的一代女性。

  皇太極一生妻妾十五人。除一後四妃以外。分別居住在清寧宮的兩側的房舍內。我們來到清寧宮的後面。剛才我們說過了滿族民居的特點。大家還記得嗎?對:“口袋房、萬字炕、煙囪出在地面上”。我們剛才看過了口袋房和萬字炕,我們馬上要看到的就是出在地面上的煙囪。在清寧宮後的這根菸囪是當年瀋陽城內唯一的一根菸囪。寓意“一統江山”。大家數一下煙囪有多少層???對一共有十一層,我告訴大家在十一層上面還有三塊磚。那麼這什麼講哪?問大家一個小問題:清朝有多少位皇帝,又有多少位是壽終正寢的???對清朝一共有12為皇帝。其中11位壽終正寢。末代皇帝溥儀只做了三年的皇帝。正好和這十一層零三塊磚“一統江山”吻合。

  穿過後門,我們來到了故宮的 “後苑”,也叫“御花園”。內有碾房三間、磨房三間、倉房二十八間,涼亭一座等。二十八間倉建於康熙年間,歸盛京內務府管轄,用作存放當地皇莊交納的糧食,以備供給其所屬人丁口糧和做牲畜飼料。二十八間房中,有六間是通道門(稱“後宰門”),其餘二十二間每間各一丈五尺左右,可盛放糧食六百倉石(約合六十萬斤)。碾房、磨房是為後宮皇帝及其後宮製作食物之用。

  從歷史記載中得知,乾隆年間以前,清寧宮院落中本沒有通往後面的門,因乾隆初次東巡前擬定要在清寧宮重開薩滿家祭,為便於給這項禮儀服務的人員出入宮區,盛京地方官員特奏清皇帝批准,在清寧宮後牆西側新開一處“隨牆門”通往北面臺下,後來這座門便一直保留下來,至今猶存。由此人們可能會聯想到一個問題,即清人關前除鳳凰樓下層的正門外,是否還有其他進出臺上宮區的通道?因為按照當時的等級制度,在宮內服務的“下人”屬奴僕身份,是不應該與皇帝后妃一樣從正門出入的。1987年,這個謎終於被解開。瀋陽故宮在安設清了宮避雷針引線時,發現東山牆下距地表較淺處有磚石砌築的遺蹟,經繼續向下挖掘,竟出現了一條上部砌成拱形的“地道”,從臺上直通至臺後的地面。經過分析認為,這就是臺上宮區通往外部的另一個出入口,應是清太宗時期伺候皇帝后妃的人進出宮區之處,清入關初年,可能是出於安全方面的考慮將其堵塞填平,直到幾百年後才被發現,如今這條通道已經過修整重新開放,使由此走過的遊客對當年的宮廷生活又增添了幾分遐想。

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