考研英語真題翻譯及解析
考研即將進入衝刺階段，考生的時間比較緊迫，所以，有的放矢，最大限度的把握考點，把握命題趨勢，是當務之急。其中，考研翻譯以其綜合性和主觀題的特點高居四種題型難度的首位。為了幫助考生攻克這一題型，小編就為考生提供一些有針對性的備考建議，希望對考生有所幫助。
小編現將歷年考試中的經典長難句進行了彙總、分析，希望廣大考生能從這些總結、歸納中吸引考試中的精華內容，提高複習效率。
句子一：
For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not
tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under
more favorable circumstances.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, / and thus do
not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been / had he grown up
under more favorable circumstances.
第二、句子的結構：
1主幹結構是並列句they do not compensate for..., and thus do not tell.。。
2 how able是表語前置，正常語序是：an underprivileged youngster might have been how able
3最後一個句子是虛擬語氣句的倒裝結構：had he grown up under more favorable circumstances等於If he had grown up under more favorable circumstances
第三、詞的處理：
hey 指示代詞，測試
compensate for 彌補
gross social inequality 明顯的社會不公
and thus 因此
ell 說明
underprivileged 貧困的、物質條件差的
under more favorable circumstances 在較好的環境下
參考譯文：
例如，測試並不彌補明顯的社會不公，因此它們不能說明一個物質條件差的年輕人，如果在較好的環境下成長的話，會有多大才幹。
句子二：
How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the
amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill
and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：How well the predictions will be validated by later performance / depends upon
the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the
skill and wisdom / with which it is interpreted.
第二、句子主幹結構是：
1How well.。。引導的被動結構是主語從句，How well是主語從句中的狀語前置，depends是句子謂語
2depends後面兩個介詞短語作並列賓語upon...and on...
3 the information used是名詞+過去分詞作定語
4with which it is interpreted定語從句，先行詞是the skill and wisdom，代詞it指代the information
第三、詞的處理：
be validated by 為……所證實
depends upon 取決於
reliability 可靠性
appropriateness 適應性
interpreted 解釋
參考譯文：
這些測試在多大程度上為後來的表現所證實，這取決於所採用資訊的數量、可靠性和適應性，以及解釋這些資訊的技能和才智。
句子三：
Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation
depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative
validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular
situation / depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning
comparative validity / and upon such factors as cost and availability。
第二、句子主幹結構是：Whether to use..., or both.。。引導主語從句，depends是句子謂語，upon... and upon.。。是並列結構的雙賓語。
第三、詞的處理：
Whether to..., or 是……還是……
both 指代前句的tests, other kinds of information
in a particular situation 在某一特定情況下
therefore 因此
the evidence from experience 經驗依據
concerning 與……有關的
comparative validity 相對效度
such factors as... 諸如……等因素
參考譯文：
因此，在某一特定情況下，究竟是採用測試還是其他種類的資訊，或是兩者兼用，須憑有關相對效度的經驗依據而定，也取決於諸如費用和有無來源等因素。
句子四：
Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part
of an exchange of duties and entitlements.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Some philosophers argue / that rights exist only within a social contract,
/ as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.
第二、句子的結構：
1主幹結構是主從複合句：Some philosophers argue that...
2that引導的是賓語從句
3as part of.。。是賓語從句中的rights的主語補足語。
第三、詞的處理：
argue 論證
a social contract 社會契約
as part of 作為是……的一部分
entitlements 利益，權利
參考譯文：
有些哲學家論證說，權利只存在社會契約中，是責任與利益相交換的一部分。
句子五：
It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that
animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other
humans, or with no consideration at all。
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: / it invites you to think
that animals should be treated / either with the consideration humans extend to
other humans, or with no consideration at all。
第二、句子的結構是：
1it invites you to think that.。。後面是賓語從句。
2 animals should be treated either with..., or with.。。要麼……要麼……，是表示選擇的方式狀語。
3the consideration後面的humans extend to other humans是定語。
第三、詞的處理：
leads ...to extremes 引向極端
at the outset 從一開始
invites you to think 使人們認為
consideration 關切，體諒
humans extend to other humans 人對待人
參考譯文：
這種說法從一開始就將討論引向兩個極端，它使人們認為應這樣對待動物：要麼像對人類自身一樣關切體諒，要麼完全冷漠無情。