考研英語往年閱讀理解真題精析

　　英語閱讀理解在考研英語當中佔比重是很大的，分數值大難度係數也打。下面就是小編給大家整理的，希望對你有用!

　　考研英語閱讀原文

　　Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the color, yet it is pervasive in our young girls' lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls' identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls' lives and interests。

　　Girls' attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What's more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolized femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years。

　　I had not realized how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children's behavior: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularized as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s。

　　Trade publications counseled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a "third stepping stone" between infant wear and older kids' clothes. It was only after "toddler" became a common shoppers' term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist。

　　考研英語閱讀翻譯

　　穿粉紅色好看：成年女性記不起對於顏色的困惑了，然而，年輕女孩普遍有這個問題。不是粉紅本來不好，但是它是彩虹的一小份而已。雖然從某個程度上來說有助於烘托女孩，但它也會不斷融化女孩們的特徵。那麼它不但能在天真的女孩之間而且還能在天真的證據事實前提供那種連線，甚至兩歲的孩子。四周看看，我絕望的看到對於女孩生活和興趣格外缺乏想象力。

　　女孩喜歡粉色似乎不可避免，似乎DNA編碼就是這樣，但根據Jo Paoletti，美國馬里蘭大學美國研究副教授的說法，情況不是這樣的。20世紀初期前的孩子們原來根本不分顏色:在家用洗衣機問世之前的時代裡,所有的嬰兒都穿白色,因為要讓衣服乾淨的唯一方法是煮沸衣服. 還有, 那時的男孩女孩都穿中性的衣服。當託兒所色彩引入後，粉紅色當時被認為是更有男性特徵的顏色，紅色的清淡版和力量相關。藍色象徵著女性，代表聖母瑪利亞，堅貞與忠誠。到了80年代中期，年齡增大和兩性差別成為幼兒用品市場的主要銷售戰略時，粉色變得很受女孩們的喜歡，成為定義女性特徵的一部分，至少在起初的那幾個關鍵年份女孩們都這樣。

　　我原來沒有意識到市場營銷趨勢對我們觀念的巨大影響，比如什麼是孩子的天性，包括他們的心理髮展這種核心信念。帶上你的小孩兒。我認為這個短語至少是博士級別的專家對幼兒行為幾年的研究才發明的語言：錯啦。根據幼兒消費歷史學家Daniel Cook的說法，這個短語是三十年代流行起來的，是製衣商進行市場營銷的花招。

　　貿易出版物給百貨大樓提議，要增加銷售，應該在嬰兒服裝和兒童服裝之間創造"第三過渡階段"服裝，這個詞成為"蹣跚學步者"之後的常見銷售術語，後來演變為人們廣泛接受的孩子發展階段。把孩子，或者成年人分類成更小的種類已經證實是條必定成功的方法來擴大利潤。對市場進行細分的最簡單的方法就是擴大性別差異---或者創造出一些原來就沒有的差異。