形容詞和副詞考點分析

  形容詞、副詞是每年高考必考點之一,近幾年語境綜合化程度越來越高,難度加大。高考熱點有:形容詞、副詞詞義辨析;原級、比較級、最高階的使用;倍數的表達方法;比較等級的修飾語;多個形容詞的排列順序;常見形容詞、副詞的慣用法等。
  關於形容詞與副詞這一考點,主要考查以下幾個方面:
  1. 考查形容詞和副詞的基本用法
  形容詞在句中一般作定語、表語、補語,而副詞在句中主要作狀語。
  2. 考查形容詞作定語的後置規律
  形容詞作定語一般位於所修飾的名詞前,但下列三種情況形容詞要後置:①形容詞短語作定語時;②表語形容詞作定語時;③修飾複合不定代詞時。
  3. 考查多個形容詞作定語的排序
  多個形容詞修飾名詞時,其排序規律是:***限定詞+程度副詞+*** 描繪+大小***長短、高低***+形狀+年齡***新舊***+顏色+國籍或產地+物質材料+類別或用途+名詞。
  4. 考查副詞在句中的位置規律
  副詞修飾形容詞或其它副詞時,一般位於被修飾詞的前面,但enough卻要放在被修飾的形容詞或副詞的後面。
  5. 考查–ed形容詞和-ing形容詞的區別
  -ed形容詞,通常說明人,意為“***某人***感到……”;-ing形容詞通常說明事物,意為“***某事物***令人……”或“令人……的***事物***”。
  6. 考查兩種不同形式的副詞的用法差異
  即考查與形容詞同形的副詞與形容詞後加ly構成的副詞的區別。
  7. 考查形容詞和副詞的比較等級。
  8. 考查比較等級的修飾語。
  考點1: 在具體的語境中辨析形容詞與副詞的語義
  從復現的頻率來看,此點是高考對形容詞、副詞考查的第一大熱點。解答此類題關鍵是要分析具體的語境,結合基本詞義、搭配等來選擇正確的答案。
  經過統計,常見常考的形容詞和副詞有***按頻度排列***:even; interested; interesting; yet; hardly; just; therefore; though; too; very; common; effective; either; ever; fair; however; less; more; nearly; only; purposefully; rather; still; such; surprised; surprising
  還有以下形容詞和副詞應當熟悉和掌握:a good many; a number of; acceptable; accidentally; actively; adequately; already; another; anxious; anyway; ashamed; attentively; bad; badly; besides; better; but; careful; changeable; cheap; comfortable; convenient; eagerly; easy; encouraging; enha-ncing; equal; even though; eventually; fairly; far; fewer; following; formally; friendly; gen-erously; gradually; heavily; historic; hopefully; immediately; inaccessible; individual; inevit-able; initial; instead; invisible; largely; never; next; no; normal; nowadays; obviously; ordin-ary; other; otherwise; patient; plenty of; prac-tical; promoting; proper; quickly; readily; reasonable; remote; seldom; seriously; short; so; stimulating; traditional; unavailable; unav-oidable; unfavorable; unfortunately; usual; va-rious; weak; well
  考點2:考查形容詞、副詞的比較級、最高階及前面的修飾語 
  【備考清單】
  1*** 比較級、最高階的選用及應用範圍
  比較級、最高階常用於表示兩者或多者間的比較。複習中須注意如下句型的用法:
  ①as + 原級adj. / adv. + as表示“和……一樣”及not as / so + 原級adj. / adv. + as表示“不如……”。例如:
  ***94全國*** John plays football as well as, if not better than, David.
  The piano in the other shop will be cheaper, but not as good.
  ②as + 原級adj. + a***n*** + n. + as表示“跟……一樣”。例如:
  ***2001全國*** It’s generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
  ***2003北京*** Our neighbour has as big a house as ours.
  ③ 比較級+ than表“比……更”及less ... than表示“不如……”。例如:
  This year they have produced less grain than they did last year.
  This road is wider than that one.
  ④the + 比較級,the + 比較級表示“越……,就越……”。例如:
  ***93上海*** It’s believed that the harder you work, the better result you’ll get.
  ⑤the +比較級+ of the + 名詞/ 代詞表示兩者中“較……的”。例如:
  Who is the younger of the two boys?
  ⑥比較級+ 比較級***越來越……***。___ 例如:
  Our country is getting stronger and stronger.
  Things became worse and worse from then on.
  ⑦用the last表示“最不可能的”、“最不適合的”、“最不希望的”等。例如:
  The last thing I want to do is to offend you.我最不願意做的就是惹你生氣。
  He is the last man I want to see.他是我最不希望見的人。
  2*** 形容詞、副詞原級、比較級、最高階前的程度狀語
  ① 注意一些形容詞或副詞前的特定修飾語。例如:
  ***2004廣東*** Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always that much to do. ***那樣多***
  I quite like it. They are quite different / wrong.
  quite possible / impossible
  My hometown is much changed.
  much to my surprise***很讓我吃驚***
  be well worth doing ***很值得做***
  ② 比較級前常可用still, even, much, far, a lot / little / few / bit, rather, any, a great deal, so far, by far, no等詞修飾。***注意more不用於修飾比較級***。例如:
  ***94全國*** If there were no examinations, we should have a much happier time.
  ***2000上海*** You’re standing too near the cinema. Can you move a bit farther?
  This is by far the better.
  ③ 最高階可用序數詞、much、by far、nearly、almost等詞修飾。例如:
  Africa is the second largest continent.
  The Pacific is by far the largest ocean.
  I like this film the very best / much the best.
  考點3:形容詞作表語,形容詞、副詞作後置定語