初中英語知識點全總結
英語知識點是英語學習的重要組成部分,下面是小編為大家帶來的，相信對你會有幫助的。
：連詞
初中英語學習最難的是語法，因為英語的語法跟漢語的語法有很大的不同。初中英語連詞有很多種。下面為大家講解一下初中英語連詞的用法。
連詞是一種虛詞，它不能獨立擔任句子成分而只起連線詞與詞，短語與短語以及句與句的作用。連詞主要可分為兩類：並列連詞和從屬連詞。
第一類表示並列關係的連詞
並列連詞：並列連詞用來連線平行的詞、片語和分句。
1*** and 和
判斷改錯：
***錯*** They sat down and talk about something.
***錯*** They started to dance and sang.
***錯*** I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.
***對*** They sat down and talked about something.
***對*** They started to dance and sing.
***對***I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.
解析：
第一句： and 連線兩個並列的謂語，所以 talk 應改為 talked。
第二句：and 連線兩個並列的動詞不定式，第二個不定式往往省略to，因此sang 應改為 sing。
第三句：and 連線感觀動詞saw 後面的用作的賓補的兩個並列分詞結構，因此whisper應改為whispering。
注意：1. and 還可以和祈使句或名詞片語連用表示條件。***or也有此用法***
Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.
= If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance.
One more effort, and you'll succeed.
= If you make one more effort, you'll succeed
2, A and B 當表示整體或者指同一人時謂語動詞用單數, 當and連線的單數名詞前分別有each，every，many等詞修飾時，謂語也用單數。
bread and butter a knife and fork
The mother and teacher is very strict with her son.
No teacher and no student is allowed to smoke in class.
3. and連線的是兩個相同意思的詞，表示“漸漸”，或加強語氣
Read it again and again
2*** both …and 兩者都
She plays ***both*** the piano and the guitar.
3*** neither…nor 意思為"既不……也不……"謂語動詞采用就近原則，與nor後的詞保持一致。
Neither you nor he is to blame.
4*** not only…but ***also***不但······而且······
She plays not only the piano, but ***also*** the guitar.
注意： not only… but also 關聯兩個分句時，一個分句因有否定詞not 而必須倒裝。
Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.
5*** as well as 以及，也，與···同樣
The teacher, as well as the students, is interested in the activity.
比較and和or
1*** 並列結構中，or通常用於否定句，and用於肯定句。
2*** 但有時and 也可用於否定句。請注意其不同特點：
There is no air or water in the moon.
There is no air and no water on the moon.
在否定中並列結構用or 連線，但含有兩個否定詞的句子實際被看作是肯定結構，因此要用and。
第二類表示選擇關係的連詞
1*** or 意思為"或則"。
Which do you prefer, tea, coffee, or juice ?
2*** either…or 意思為"或者……或者 ……"。注意謂語動詞采用就近原則。
Either you or I am right.
3*** or else/ otherwise 否則
Be silent, or else you will be kicked out.
I am tired, otherwise, I would play.
第三類表示轉折或對比關係的連詞
1*** but 但是 He is rich but unhappy.
while 然而，表示對比意味 Some people love cats, while others hate them.
yet 然而 She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.
however 然而，可是，不過 She does not like him, however, I like him.
2*** not…but… 意思為"不是 ……而是……"
not 和but 後面的用詞要遵循一致原則。
They were not the bones of an animal, but ***the bones*** of a human being.
第四類表因果關係的連詞
1*** for 因為，做並列連詞使用時，是在對先行的句子補述原因或者理由，只可以連線句子與句子，通常不置於句首。
He is absent today, for he is ill.
2*** so, therefore 因此
He hurt his leg, so he couldn't play in the game.
I think, therefore I am
3***then 那麼，因而
Hide behind the wall, then they won’t see you.
注意：
a. 兩個並列連詞不能連用，但therefore, then, yet.可以和並列連詞連用。
You can watch TV, and or you can go to bed.
He hurt his leg, and so / and therefore he couldn't play in the game.
b. although… yet…，但although不與 but連用。
***錯*** Although he was weak, but he tried his best to do the work..
***對*** Although he was weak, yet he tried his best to do the work.
從屬連詞
從屬連詞不同與並列連詞，只能用來引導從句，而不能引導詞或者片語。從屬連詞一般可以引導名詞性從句和狀語從句。
第一類引導名詞性從句的從屬連詞
1*** that 引導賓語從句或間接引語時，可省略。引導主語從句時不可以省略。
He said ***that*** he would come. 賓語從句
His mother told me ***that*** he is a good boy. 間接引語
That she is still alive is true. 主語從句
2*** if/whether 是否
I wonder if he is at home.
I ask him whether he would come.
注意：只可以用whether的情況
介詞後面 It will depend on whether it rains tomorrow.
whether···or not 固定搭配 Let me know whether you come or not.
動詞不定式前 I don’t know whether to accept his advice.
第二類引導狀語從句的從屬連詞
1*** 連線時間狀語從句的從屬連詞
before 在···之前 The war had been over before he came to China.
after 在···之後 He came to China after the war was over.
since 自從 I have lived in this city since I was born.
when/while 當··· The teacher entered the classroom, when all the students were playing
When I came into this room, I found him lying bed asleep ***while後接的動詞是延續性的動詞***
as 當··· I saw her as I was getting on the bus.
till/until 直到 I didn’t go to sleep until/till I finished my homework.
as soon as 一···就··· As soon as he saw the policeman, the thief run away.
2*** 連線地點狀語從句的從屬連詞
where 在哪裡 There were lots of parks where I lived.
3*** 連線原因狀語從句的從屬連詞
because 原因,用於解釋某事的原因，動機，強調直接原因和因果關係 I do it because I like it.
for 表因為，表間接的原因，用於說明，解釋 I soon went to sleep, for I was tired
since 表原因，比because弱，比as強，表一種已知的，顯然的理由，常譯為“既然
as 表原因時，意義最弱 As you are in poor health, you should do more exercises
4*** 連線結果狀語從句的從屬連詞
so···that··· 如此···以至於··· He is so kind that everybody likes him.
such···that··· He is such a kind man that everybody likes him
5*** 連線目的狀語從句的從屬連詞
that / so that / in order that 為了
Speak clearly that/so that/ in order that they may understand you.
6*** 連線條件狀語從句的從屬連詞
if 如果 If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go on a picnic.
unless 除非 ***如果不 *** He will come unless it rains.
in case 萬一 You may call this number in case I am not at home
7***連線比較狀語從句的從屬連詞
than 比 It’s easier than I thought.
as/so···as···和···一樣 She is as tall as you.
He is not as/so tall as his wife.
8***連線方式狀語從句的從屬連詞
as 按照 Do as I told you.
Take things as they are.
as if / though 彷彿 He behaves as if/though he was a child.
9***引導讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞
although/though 儘管 Although Japan is small, the population is big.
even if 即便 Even if it was snowing heavily, we went on running.
：副詞
初中英語學習最難的是語法，因為英語的語法跟漢語的語法有很大的不同。初中也要副詞用法有很多種。下面為大家講解一下初中英語副詞的用法。
副詞在句中主要用作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語或句子。
初中英語副詞的用法：
⑴ 修飾動詞，表示時間、地點、程度、方式、頻度等。一般位於動詞之後，如果動詞有賓語，則要位於賓語之後。頻度副詞常位於助動詞和連繫動詞be 之後或實義動詞之前。例如：He arrived only yesterday. 他是昨天才到的。There were clothes lying here and there on the floor. 地板上到處都是衣服。I have been terribly worried about you all day. 我一整天都非常為你擔心。She plays the piano very well. 她鋼琴彈得很好。The boy is always asking his parents for money. 那個男孩老是向他父母要錢。She never goes to the cinema. 她向來不看電影。
⑵ 修飾形容詞、副詞、介詞短語，一般前置，只有enough例外，需要後置。例如：She seems quite happy. 她看上去相當愉快。You've done rather badly in the test. 你考得夠糟糕的。The wind was right in our faces. 風迎面吹來。This girl is not old enough to go to school. 這個女孩還沒有到上學的年齡。He didn't run fast enough to catch the train. 他跑得不夠快，沒有趕上火車。
⑶ 用作表語，多為與介詞同形的副詞和表示方位的副詞。例如：Is anybody in? 裡面有人嗎?有人在家嗎?Father is away. 父親離家在外。I am downstairs and my brother is upstairs. 我住樓下，我哥哥住樓上。My friend is still abroad. 我的朋友還在國外。
⑷ 少數表示地點或時間的副詞還可用作定語，一般位於名詞之後。例如：I hope you'll enjoy your stay here. 希望你在這裡過得愉快。I met a friend of mine on my way home. 在我回家的路上，我碰到一位朋友。What did you think of the meeting yesterday? 你覺得昨天的會開得怎樣?
⑸ 副詞的比較等級用法與形容詞一樣。
初中英語副詞的分類
1、 時間和頻度副詞:
now,then,often,always,usually,early,today,lately,next,last,already,generally,frequently, seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too, immediately, hardly,finally,shortly, before, ago,sometimes, yesterday.
2、 地點副詞:
here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on.
3、方式副詞:
carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly
4、 程度副詞，放在被修飾詞之前:
much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly.
5、 疑問副詞，一般放在句首：
how, when, where, why.
6、關係副詞，一般放在句首：
when, where, why.
7、連線副詞:
how, when, where, why, whether.
初中也要重點副詞註釋：
1.as…as…常構成一些片語：as soon as…***一旦…就…***, as well as…***同樣***, as+形容詞/副詞+as possible***儘可能……地***。如：Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing.***請你一到北京就給我寫信。***/ Miss Gao hurried to the school gate as quickly as possible.***高小姐儘快地趕到了校門口。***
[註釋] "as long / much as + 名詞"可以表示"長達/多達…"的含義。如：The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan.***那幢房子花費高達50萬元。***/ They stayed in the cave***山洞***as long as two weeks.***他們呆在山洞裡長達兩週。***
2. later、after、ago、before的用法：①"一段時間+later/ago"分別表示"***多久***以後/以前",主要用於過去時態。②"after/before+某個時刻"分別表示"在某時刻之後/之前",此時兩個詞是介詞。③ago與before：ago只能用於過去時,before用於完成時。如：He had an accident a week ago.***一週前出了一個事故***/ Some years later, the boy became a very famous singer.***數年後這個男孩成了著名的歌唱家***/ Have you been there before?***你從前到過那兒嗎?***/ After a few years he gave up smoking.***過了幾年他戒了煙。***
3.above、below、over、under的用法：在上下方用above和below,在高低處用over和under.如：The stars are high above in the sky.***星星高掛在空中*** / A plane flew over quickly.***一架飛機從頭頂飛過。***
當above、below、over、under是介詞性質時,意義相似。
4. too、also、either、nor的用法：too***"也"***用於肯定句和疑問句的末尾,且用逗號隔開;also***"也"***用於肯定句句子謂語動詞之前;either***"也"***用於否定句末尾,也用逗號隔開;nor***"也不"***用於倒裝句句首;如：Are you American,too?***你也是美國人嗎?***/ He is not happy and I am not happy, either.***他不愉快,我也不。*** / He didn't watch the football game. Nor did I.***他沒有看足球賽,我也沒有。***/ You can also find the market is very good.***你還可以發覺那個市場很好。***
5. enough、too、so、very、quite、very much的用法： enough ***"足夠,十分"***放在形容詞或副詞之後;too***"太"***、very***"非常"***、quite***"相當"***、so***"如此地"***等放在形容詞或副詞之前,very much***"非常"***放在動詞之後。如：It's too/so/very/quite expensive.***它太貴/那麼貴/非常貴/相當貴。***/ I don't like sweets very much.***我不很喜歡糖果***
[注意] very與 much的區別：very修飾形容詞、副詞的原級和現在分詞形容詞,much修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級;much還可以修飾疑問句和否定句中的動詞,very不可以。如：He is very stupid.***他很笨***/ The film was very moving and everyone swept.***電影非常動人,大家都哭了***/ You must work much harder or you will fail to enter the good school.***你得學習更努力,不然你考不進那所好學校***/ I don't like him much.***我不太喜歡他***
6. sometimes、 sometime、 some times 、some time的用法：sometimes***有時***用於一般現在時、 sometime***在將來某時***用於將來時、 some times***數次***表示次數、some time***一些時間***表示一段時間。如：Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.***他們有時徒步旅行到山裡去***/ I will stay here some time.***我會在這兒呆些時候的。***/ I will meet your father sometime.***我什麼時候要見見你的父親。***
7. how、what用於感嘆句的用法：對句子中的形容詞或副詞感嘆時用how,對人或事物***可能含有形容詞作修飾語***進行感嘆用what. 如：What a fine day ***it is*** today!***今天天氣真好!*** / How difficult ***the problem is***!******問題***真難呀!***
8.already、yet的用法：在完成時中,already一般用於肯定句,yet一般用於否定句和疑問句。如：Have you done it already?***你已經做好了?*** / I have not had my breakfast yet.***我還沒有吃早飯呢。***
9. hard與hardly的用法：hard作為副詞意思是："努力地,猛烈地",hardly是否定詞,意思是："幾乎不",一般與情態動詞can/could連用。如：They study English very hard.***他們英語學得很刻苦***/ You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.***在公共場所你幾乎看不到一個人隨地吐痰***
10. like...very much、like...better***=prefer***、like...best的用法：三個短語分別表示"非常喜歡"、"更喜歡"、"最喜歡"。如：I like baseball very much.***我非常喜歡棒球***/ Do you like butter better than cheese?*** / They like hamburgers best.
11."quite/what+a+形容詞+名詞"的用法：記住：①quite/such/what...+a+形容詞+名詞;②too/so/how+形容詞+a+名詞;③rather+a+形容詞+名詞 = a+ rather+形容詞+名詞。如：I have never seen such a strange guy***傢伙***.***我從未見過這樣奇怪的傢伙*** / It is quite a nice day for a walk.***這真是散步的好日子***