英語六級考前語法精析之情態動詞
注意情態動詞完成式的用法有兩方面的含義：
1.表示已經發生的情況
***1***must have +過去分詞，表示對已發生情況的肯定推測，譯為“***昨天***一定……”。如：
My pain must have been apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are you feeling all right?”
***2***can’t/couldn’t have +過去分詞，表示對已發生情況的否定推測，譯為“***昨天***一定沒……”。 如：
Mary couldn’t have received my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.
At Florida Power’s Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.
2.表示虛擬語氣
***1***needn’t have+過去分詞，表示做了不必做的事，譯為“其實沒必要……”。如：
As it turned out to be a small house party, we needn’t have dressed up so formally.
I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully.
***3***ought to have+過去分詞，表示動作按理該發生了，但實際上未發生，譯為“該……”，與should的完成式含義類似。如：
The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke.
***4***could have+過去分詞，表示過去本來可以做但卻未做，譯為“完全可以……”。如：
What you said is right, but you could have phrased it more tactfully.
***5***may/might have + 過去分詞，表示過去可以做但實際未做，譯為“***那樣***也許會……”。如：
It might have been better to include more punchy statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assist first-time office automation managers.
3.幾個情態動詞常考的句型
***1***may/might ***just*** as well“不妨，最好”，與had better相近。如：
Since the flight was cancelled, you might as well go by train.
***2***cannot/can’t…too… “越……越好，怎麼也不過分”。注意這個句型的變體cannot…over…。如：
You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.
The final chapter covers organizational change and development. This subject cannot be overemphasized.
***3***usedn’t或didn’t use to為used to ***do***的否定式。
***4***should 除了“應該”一層意思外，大綱還規定要掌握其“竟然”的意思。如：
I didn’t expect that he should have behaved like that.
1.表示已經發生的情況
***1***must have +過去分詞，表示對已發生情況的肯定推測，譯為“***昨天***一定……”。如：
My pain must have been apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are you feeling all right?”
***2***can’t/couldn’t have +過去分詞，表示對已發生情況的否定推測，譯為“***昨天***一定沒……”。 如：
Mary couldn’t have received my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.
At Florida Power’s Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.
2.表示虛擬語氣
***1***needn’t have+過去分詞，表示做了不必做的事，譯為“其實沒必要……”。如：
As it turned out to be a small house party, we needn’t have dressed up so formally.
I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully.
***3***ought to have+過去分詞，表示動作按理該發生了，但實際上未發生，譯為“該……”，與should的完成式含義類似。如：
The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke.
***4***could have+過去分詞，表示過去本來可以做但卻未做，譯為“完全可以……”。如：
What you said is right, but you could have phrased it more tactfully.
***5***may/might have + 過去分詞，表示過去可以做但實際未做，譯為“***那樣***也許會……”。如：
It might have been better to include more punchy statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assist first-time office automation managers.
3.幾個情態動詞常考的句型
***1***may/might ***just*** as well“不妨，最好”，與had better相近。如：
Since the flight was cancelled, you might as well go by train.
***2***cannot/can’t…too… “越……越好，怎麼也不過分”。注意這個句型的變體cannot…over…。如：
You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.
The final chapter covers organizational change and development. This subject cannot be overemphasized.
***3***usedn’t或didn’t use to為used to ***do***的否定式。
***4***should 除了“應該”一層意思外，大綱還規定要掌握其“竟然”的意思。如：
I didn’t expect that he should have behaved like that.