英語六級考前語法精析之分詞
分詞起形容詞和副詞的作用,在句中做定語或狀語。在概念上應清楚: 現在分詞表示主動,表示動作在進行。過去分詞表示被動,表示動作結束了的狀態或結果。
1.分詞做定語,弄清現在分詞與過去分詞的區別
分詞短語做定語相當於省略了的定語從句,考生應掌握: ***1***現在分詞與被修飾詞之間具有主動意義。如:
It’s easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes taking place in our ever-increasing world.***相當於the changes which take place...***
There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently giving what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.***相當於which gave...***
How many of us attending, say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion? ***相當於How many of us who will attend...***
***2***過去分詞與被修飾詞之間具有被動意義。如:
Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port announced half a day before the defenders actually surrendered. ***相當於…recapture of the port which had been announced…***
***3***下列不及物動詞也以過去分詞形式做定語或表語,但不具有被動意義:
deceased, departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, grown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-travelled, newly arrived, recently come。如: a retired worker一位退休工人 a faded curtain一個褪了色的窗簾
2.分詞做狀語,注意區分分詞的一般式與完成式
***1***表示時間,多臵於句首,注意如果分詞表示的動作的時間先於謂語動詞,要用完成式。如:
Having completed one task, we started on another one. ***complete先於start之前發生***
***2***表示原因,臵於句首句尾均可,根據情況有時要用完成式,有時用一般式。如:
There seemed little hope that the explorer, having been deserted in the tropical forest, would find his way through it.
***3***表示伴隨、方式,臵於句尾,用分詞的一般式。如:
Helen borrowed my dictionary the other day saying that she would return it soon. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely lost to the outside world.
***4***表示結果,臵於句尾,用分詞的一般式。如:
The city found itself in a crisis situation last summer when the air conditioning on dozens of the new buses broke down, them unusable.
***5***表示補充說明***同位***,臵於句尾,用分詞的一般式。如:
The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each making one major point in contrast with the other.
3.分詞的獨立主格結構
分詞的邏輯主語一般為句子的主語,否則分詞短語要有自己的邏輯主語,稱為分詞獨立主格結構。分詞獨立主格結構只是句子的一個部分。如:
All flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.
1.分詞做定語,弄清現在分詞與過去分詞的區別
分詞短語做定語相當於省略了的定語從句,考生應掌握: ***1***現在分詞與被修飾詞之間具有主動意義。如:
It’s easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes taking place in our ever-increasing world.***相當於the changes which take place...***
There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently giving what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.***相當於which gave...***
How many of us attending, say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion? ***相當於How many of us who will attend...***
***2***過去分詞與被修飾詞之間具有被動意義。如:
Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port announced half a day before the defenders actually surrendered. ***相當於…recapture of the port which had been announced…***
***3***下列不及物動詞也以過去分詞形式做定語或表語,但不具有被動意義:
deceased, departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, grown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-travelled, newly arrived, recently come。如: a retired worker一位退休工人 a faded curtain一個褪了色的窗簾
2.分詞做狀語,注意區分分詞的一般式與完成式
***1***表示時間,多臵於句首,注意如果分詞表示的動作的時間先於謂語動詞,要用完成式。如:
Having completed one task, we started on another one. ***complete先於start之前發生***
***2***表示原因,臵於句首句尾均可,根據情況有時要用完成式,有時用一般式。如:
There seemed little hope that the explorer, having been deserted in the tropical forest, would find his way through it.
***3***表示伴隨、方式,臵於句尾,用分詞的一般式。如:
Helen borrowed my dictionary the other day saying that she would return it soon. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely lost to the outside world.
***4***表示結果,臵於句尾,用分詞的一般式。如:
The city found itself in a crisis situation last summer when the air conditioning on dozens of the new buses broke down, them unusable.
***5***表示補充說明***同位***,臵於句尾,用分詞的一般式。如:
The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each making one major point in contrast with the other.
3.分詞的獨立主格結構
分詞的邏輯主語一般為句子的主語,否則分詞短語要有自己的邏輯主語,稱為分詞獨立主格結構。分詞獨立主格結構只是句子的一個部分。如:
All flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.
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