四級考試閱讀匹配練習題答案講解
閱讀匹配作為閱讀理解的重要題型，所佔總分的比重高，需要考生的重視練習。下面小編為大家帶來四級考試閱讀匹配練習題講解，歡迎各位考生提升訓練。
四級考試閱讀匹配練習題原文：
Universities Branch Out
[A] As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.
[B] In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self?consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative ***合作的***research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.
[C] Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at America’s best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad.
[D ] Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships ***實習***abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity—and providing the financial resources to make it possible.
[E] Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a my 14research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai’s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu’s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team.
[F ] As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure ***基石出設施***and applications software of the 1990s. The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university.
[G] For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research-university model. Most politicians recognize the link between investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has risen more slowly than inflations since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.
[H ] American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students.
[I ] Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation’s well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and—like immigrants throughout history—strengthen the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished ***珍視***values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students.
四級考試閱讀匹配練習題選項：
1. American universities prepare their undergraduates for global careers by giving them chances for international study or internship.
2. Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent.
3. The enrollment of international students will have a positive impact on America rather than threaten its competitiveness.
4. The way research is carried out in universities has changed as a result of globalization.
5. Of the newly hired professors in science and engineering in the United States, twenty percent come from foreign countries.?
6. The number of foreign students applying to U.S. universities decreased sharply after September 11 due to changes in the visa process.
7. The U.S. federal funding for research has been unsteady for years.
8. Around the world, governments encourage the model of linking university-based science and industrial application.
9. Present-day universities have become a powerful force for global integration.
10. When foreign students leave America, they will bring American values back to their home countries.
：
1. [D]。題幹意為，美國大學通過向學生提供出國學習或實習的機會為大學生準備全球性的職業發展契機。 注意抓住題幹中的關鍵詞 American universities、global careers和chances for international study or internship。 文章段落中，論及美國大學為學生提供出國學習或實習機會的內容出現在[D]段，該段第三句提到，在美 國，各大學正在幫助安排學生暑期到國外實習以幫助他們為全球性職業發展做好準備。該段第四句又進一 步列舉了耶魯大學和哈佛大學為學生提供國際學習和實習機會的例項，目的都在於說明美國大學為幫助 學生準備全球性職業發展而付出的努力。由此可知，題幹是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為[D]。
2. [C]。題幹意為，自20世紀70年代中期以來，留學生的入學人數每年以3.9%的年增長率增長。注意抓住題 幹中的關鍵詞 Since the mid-1970s、the enrollment of overseas students和at an annual rate of 3.9 percent。文章 段落中，論及20世紀70年代中期留學生入學人數增長情況的內容出現在[C]段，該段第二句提到，在過去 的三十年中，每年離家到國外學習的學生人數以3.9%的年增長率增加，總人數由1975年的80萬上升到 2004年的250萬。由此可知，題幹是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為[C]。
3. [I]。題幹意為，國際學生的招收將對美國產生積極的影響，而不是威脅到美國的競爭力。注意抓住題幹中 的關鍵詞 The enrollment of international students、positive impact 和 threaten its competitiveness。文章段落中， 論及招收留學生對美國的影響的內容出現在[I]段，該段第二句提到，他們沒能理解歡迎外國學生到美國 讀書有兩個積極的影響：首先，這些留學生中最優秀的人留了下來，就像歷史上的移民一樣增強了美國的 實力;其次，在美國學習的外國學生回國時成了許許多多在美國最受珍視的價值觀的傳播者。由此可知， 題幹是原文的同義轉述，故答案為[I]。
4. [E]。題幹意為，大學研究工作開展的方式因全球化的原因發生了改變。注意抓住題幹中的關鍵詞research 和globalization。文章段落中，論及大學研究工作開展方式發生變化的內容出現在[E]段，該段首句提到， 全球化也在使研究工作的開展方式發生改變，接著列舉了耶魯大學、霍華德?休斯醫學研究所與中國復旦 大學的合作研究的例子加以說明。由此可見，題幹是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為[E]。
5. [C]。題幹意為，在美國，被新聘用的科學和工程學方面的教授中，20%的人來自外國。注意抓住題幹中的
關鍵詞newly hired professors in science and engineering和twenty percent come from foreign countries。文章段
落中，論及美國新聘用教授中外國人佔比的內容出現在[C]段，該段末句提到，在美國，被新聘用的科學 及工程學方面的教授中，20%是外國人。由此可見，題幹是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為[C]。
6. [H]。題幹意為，在9.11事件之後由於簽證過程發生變化，申請到美國大學學習的外國學生人數急劇下降。 注意抓住題幹中的關鍵詞 foreign students applying to U.S. universities、September 11 和changes in the visa process。文章段落中，論及9.11事件之後到美國求學的學生人數變化的內容出現在[H]段，該段第三句提 到，受9.11事件的影響，簽證過程發生的變化促使申請到美國大學學習的學生數量急劇下降。由此可知， 題幹是對原文的同義改寫，故答案為[H]。題幹中的decreased sharply和原文中的a dramatic decline對應; 題幹中的due to與原文中的caused對應。
7. [G]。題幹意為，多年來美國聯邦對研究工作的資助一直處於不穗定狀態。注意抓住題幹中的關鍵詞 federal funding、research和unsteady。文章段落中，論及美國聯邦政府對研究工作的資助的內容出現在[G]
段，該段第二句提到，大多數政治家認識到了對科學的投資和國家經濟實力之間的聯絡，但是對於研究基 金的支援一直不穩定。由此可知，題幹是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為[G]。
8. [F]。題幹意為，世界各國政府鼓勵將高校主導的科學研究同工業應用聯絡起來的模式。注意抓住題幹中 的關鍵詞 governments、encourage和the model of linking university-based science and industrial application。文 章段落中，論及世界各國政府鼓勵科學研究發展模式的內容出現在[F]段，該段中間提到高校主導的科學 研究同工業應用之間的聯絡往往不是直截了當的但卻清晰可見，該段末句總結道，世界各國政府都鼓勵 模仿這種發展模式。由此可知，題幹是對原文的總結概括，故答案為[F]。
9. [A]。題幹意為，當今的大學已經成為全球一體化的一種強大動力。注意抓住題幹中的關鍵詞Present-day universities、powerful force和global integration。文章段落中，論及當今大學與全球一體化的關係的內容出現 在[A]段，該段末句提到，人們已經使大學成為全球一體化、相互理解及地理政治穩定性的強大動力。由 此可知，題幹是對原文的同義轉述，故答案為[A]。
10. [I]。題幹意為，當留學生離開美國時，他們會把美國的價值觀帶回自己的國家。注意抓住題幹中的關鍵詞 leave America 和 bring American values back to their home countries。文章段落中，論及留學生離開美國對傳 播美國價值觀的作用的內容出現在[I]段，該段第二句提到美國留學生對美國的兩個積極作用，第一個作 用是留學生中的精英人士留在美國，增強了美國的實力，第二個作用是在美國學習的外國學生回國時成 了許許多多在美國最受珍視的價值觀的傳播者。由此可知，題幹是原文的同義轉述，故答案為[I]。