英語必修一語法知識點
英語教學的最終目的就是要培養學生與外界交流資訊、表達思想的能力。語法是一個非常重要的工具，它可以幫助人們理解和運用語言。接下來小編為你整理了，一起來看看吧。
：直接引語和間接引語
概念：直接引語：直接引述別人的原話。一般前後要加引號。
間接引語：用自己的話轉述別人的話。間接引語在多數情況下可構成賓語從句且不要加引號。
例： Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.”
Mr.Black said that he was busy.
陳述句的變化規則
直接引語如果是陳述句，變為間接引語時，用連詞that***可省略***引導，從句中的人稱、時態、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語都要發生相應的變化。
人稱的變化——人稱的變化主要是要理解句子的意思
例：1. He said, “ I like it very much.” → He said that he liked it very much.
2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in yourroom.”
→ He told me that he had left his book in my room.
時態的變化
|
直接引語 |
間接引語 |
|
一般現在時 |
一般過去時 |
|
現在進行時 |
過去進行時 |
|
現在完成時 |
過去完成時 |
|
一般過去時 |
過去完成時 |
|
一般將來時 |
過去將來時 |
|
過去完成時 |
過去完成時 |
例：
“I don’t want to set down a series of factsin a diary,” said Anne.
→Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series offacts in a diary.
The boy said, “I’m using a knife.”
→ The boy said that he was using a knife.
▲注意：如果直接引語是客觀真理，變為間接引語時，時態不變，如：
He said, “Light travels much faster thansound.”
He said that light travels much faster thansound.
指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化
|
直接引語 |
間接引語 |
|
this |
that |
|
these |
those |
|
now |
then |
|
ago |
before/earlier |
|
today |
that day |
|
yesterday |
the day before |
|
tomorrow |
the next/following day |
|
the day after tomorrow |
In two day’s time |
|
come |
go |
|
here |
there |
|
the day before yesterday |
two days before/earlier |
：定語從句
概念：在複合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。
成分：先行詞，即被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞;關係代詞：that，which，who***賓格為whom,所有格為whose***;或者關係副詞where，when，why等。關係代詞或關係副詞處在先行詞和定語從句之間，起著連線主從句的作用。
1.關係代詞that的用法
關係代詞that在定語從句中既能指人，也能指物;既能做主語，也能做賓語
例：1***A plane is a machine that can fly. ***指物，作主語***
2***The noodles ***that*** I cooked were delicious.***指物，作賓語***
3***Who is the man that is reading a book overthere? ***指人，作主語***
4***The girl ***that*** we saw yesterday was Jim’ssister,***指人，作賓語***
2. 關係代詞which的用法
關係代詞which在定語從句中只能指物，但既可以做賓語也能作主語
例：1***They planted some trees which didn’t needmuch water. ***作主語***
2***The fish ***which*** we bought this morningwere not fresh. ***作賓語***
3. 關係代詞who，whom的用法
關係代詞who,whom只能指人，在定語從句中分別作主語和賓語
例：1***The foreigner who helped us yesterday isfrom USA.***作主語***
2***The person to whom you just talked to isMr. Li. ***作賓語***、
4. 關係代詞whose在的用法
關係代詞whose為關係代詞who的所有格形式，其先行詞既可以是人也可以是物，whose和它所修飾的名詞在定語從句中既可以做主語也可以做賓語。
例：1***This is the scientist whose name is known all over theworld. ***指人，作主語***
2*** The roomwhose window faces south is mine. ***指物，作主語***
3***He has written a book whose name I’veforgotten. ***指物，作賓語***
5. 關係副詞when的用法
關係副詞when在定語從句中作時間狀語
例：1***I’ll neverforget the time when ***=during which*** we worked on the farm.
2*** Do you remember the afternoon when ***=onwhich*** we first met three years ago?
6.關係副詞where在定語從句中的用法
關係副詞where在定語從句中做地點狀語
例：1***This is the place where*** =at/ in which*** wefirst met.
2*** The hotel where ***= in which *** we stayed wasn’t very clean.
7.關係副詞why在定語從句中的用法
關係副詞why在定語從句中作原因狀語
例: 1***. I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t thereason why***= for which*** I left.
2***. The reason why ***=for which*** he has late was that he missed thetrain.
：變化規則
***一***祈使句的變化規則
如果直接引語是祈使句，變為間接引語時，要將祈使句的動詞原形變為帶to的不定式，並根據句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等動詞，如果祈使句是否定句，在不定式前面還要加上not。例：
The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.”
→ The hostess asked us to sit down.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→ He told the boys not to make so much noise.
***二***疑問句的變化規則
如果直接引語是疑問句，變為間接引語時要把疑問句語序變為陳述句語序，句末用句號。
一般疑問句：如果直接引語是一般疑問句，變為間接引語時，謂語動詞是say或said時，要改為ask 或asked,原問句變為由if/whether引導的賓語從句。例:
“Do you think a diary can become your friend?”the writer says.
→ The writer asks us if we think a diary can become ourfriend.
2*** 特殊疑問句：如果間接引語是特殊疑問句，變為間接引語時，仍用原來的引導詞，但疑問句要變為陳述句。例：
“What do you want?” he asked me.
→ He asked me what I wanted