高三英語句子成分
英語的句子成分有八種：主語、謂語、表語、賓語、定語、 狀語、同位語, 主語補足語和賓語補。下面是小編整理了，希望對你的學習有幫助。
高中英語句子成分
***一***句子成分的定義:構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語和謂語;次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。
***二***主語:主語是一個句子所敘述的主體,一般位於句首。但在there be結構、疑問句***當主語不疑問詞時***和倒裝句中,主語位於謂語、助動詞或情態動詞後面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如:
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.***名詞***
We often speak English in class.***代詞***
One-third of the students in this claare girls.***數詞***
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.***不定式***
Smoking does harm to the health.***動名詞***
The rich should help the poor.***名詞化的形容詞***
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.***主語從句***
It is necessary to master a foreign language.***it作形式主語,真正的主語為後面的不定式***
***三***謂語:謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特徵和狀態。動詞在句中作謂語,一般放在主語之後。謂語的構成如下:
1、簡單謂語:由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如:He practices running every morning.
2、複合謂語:***1***由情態動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. ***2***由系動詞加表語構成。如:We are students.
***四***表語:表語用以說明主語的身份、特徵和狀態,它一般位於系動詞***如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等***之後。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如:
Our teacher of English is an American.***名詞***
Is it yours?***代詞***
The weather has turned cold.***形容詞***
The speech is exciting.***分詞***
Three times seven is twenty one?***數詞***
His job is to teach English.***不定式***
His hobby***愛好***is playing football.***動名詞***
The machine must be out of order.***介詞短語***
Time is up. The clais over.***副詞***
The truth is that he has never been abroad.***表語從句***
***五***賓語:賓語表示動作的物件或承愛者,一般位於及物動詞和介詞後面。例如:
They went to see an exhibition***展覽***yesterday.***名詞***
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.***代詞***
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.***數詞***
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.***名詞化形容詞***
He pretended not to see me.***不定式短語***
I enjoy listening to popular music.***動名詞短語***
I think***that***he is fit for his office.***賓語從句***
賓語種類:***1***雙賓語***間接賓語+直接賓語***,例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.***2***複合賓語***賓語+賓補***,例如:They elected him their monitor.
***六***賓語補足語:英語中有些及物動詞,除有一個直接賓語以外,還要有一個賓語補語,才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為:某些及物動詞***如make等+賓語+賓補***。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。例如:
His father named him Dongming.***名詞***
They painted their boat white.***形容詞***
Let the fresh air in.***副詞***
You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.***不定式短語***
saw her entering the room.***現在分詞***
We found everything in the lab in good order.***介詞短語***
We will soon make our city what your city is now.***從句***
***七***定語:修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示:
Guilin is a beautiful city.***形容詞***
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.***分詞***
There are thirty women teachers is our school.***名詞***
His rapid progrein English made us surprised.***代詞***
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.***不定式短語***
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.***動名詞***
He is reading an article about how to learn English.***介詞短語***
***八***狀語:修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子,說明動作或狀態特徵的句子成分,叫做狀語。可由以下形式表示:
Light travels most quickly.***副詞及副詞性片語***
He has lived in the city for ten years.***介詞短語***
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.***不定式短語***
He is in the room ma-ki-ng a model plane.***分詞短語***
Wait a minute.***名詞***
Once you begin, you must continue.***狀語從句***
狀語種類如下:
How about meeting again at six?***時間狀語***
Last night she didn't go to the dance party because of the rain.***原因狀語***
I shall go there if it doesn't rain.***條件狀語***
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.***地點狀語***
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.***方式狀語***
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.***伴隨狀語***
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.***目的狀語***
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.***結果狀語***
She works very hard though she is old.***讓步狀語***
I am taller than he is.***比較狀語***