英語被動語態讀書筆記

　　在英語的語法中，主動語態是主語動作的執行者，而被動語態就是承受者。下面是小編精心為您整理的，希望您喜歡!

　　一、被動語態定義：

　　被動語態***passive voice***是動詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關係。

　　二、被動語態的結構

　　那麼，英語中被動語態是怎麼樣構成的呢?請看下面的例句***注意劃線部分***：

　　His bicycle was stolen.

　　The building has been built in 2000.

　　通過上面的例句，可以看出，“被動語態”的構成是：

　　be + 過去分詞 + ***by+動作執行者***

　　三、被動語態的運用

　　什麼情況下要用被動語態呢?一般地說，有下面幾種情況：

　　***1*** 不知道誰是動作的執行者或沒有必要。例如：

　　Paper is made from wood. ***紙是由木材生產出來的。***

　　The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. ***這座房子太舊了。它是1950年建成的。***

　　He was wounded in the fight. ***他在戰鬥在受傷了。***

　　Electricity is used to run machines. ***電是用來開動機器的。***

　　***2*** 需要強調動作的物件時。例如：

　　Calculator can't be used in the maths exam.

　　***計算器不能用於數學考試。***

　　Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. ***閱覽室的書籍和報紙不準帶走。***

　　He was awarded first prize in that contest.

　　***他在比賽中獲得了第一。***

　　***3***為了使語氣婉轉，避擴音到是誰做的這件事。例如：

　　The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. ***新實驗室必須在下個月底前完工。***

　　四、各種時態的被動語態舉例

　　一般地講，被動語態可用於英語的各種時態。為了能準確地運用被動語態，重點是要掌握be動詞的各種時態變化。各種時態的被動語態舉例如下：

　　1、 一般現在時的被動語態. am / is / are + 動詞的過去分詞

　　Our classroom is cleaned every day.

　　This car is made in China.

　　2、一般過去式的被動語態: was / were + 動詞的過去分詞

　　His desk was cleaned just now.

　　The station was built in 1928.

　　3、現在進行時的被動語態: am / is / are + being + 動詞的過去分詞

　　A new factory is being built in our city now.

　　Some trees are being cut down in the park.

　　4、過去進行時的被動語態: was / were + being + 動詞的過去分詞

　　A new factory was being built in our city at that time.

　　Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.

　　5、一般將來時的被動語態:

　　***A*** will / shall + be + 動詞的過去分詞

　　***B*** am / is / are + going to be +動詞的過去分詞.

　　Some new factories will be built in our city this year.

　　Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.

　　6、過去將來時的被動語態: ***1***.would / should + be + 動詞的過去分詞 ***2***.was / were +going to be + 動詞的過去分詞.

　　She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.

　　He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.

　　7、現在完成時的被動語態:have / has + been + 動詞的過去分詞

　　Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.

　　Your watch has been mended already.

　　8、過去完成時的被動語態:had + been + 動詞的過去分詞

　　He said that some new factories had been built in the city.

　　I didn’t know that my watch had been mended .

　　9、含情態動詞的被動式：can/may/must + be + done

　　例如：He can not be found. / I must be paid for this.

　　五、主動語態改成被動語態方法

　　把主動語態改為被動語態非常簡單，可以遵循以下幾個步驟：

　　1. 將主動語態的賓語作被動語態的主語;

　　2. 謂語動詞變為“be+及物動詞的過去分詞”，並通過be的變化來表達出不同的時態;

　　3主動語態的主語變為介詞by的賓語，組成介詞短語放在被動結構中的謂語動詞之後。***有時by的短語可以省略***;

　　例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.