英語助動詞讀書筆記

  助動詞一般沒有詞意,不能單獨作謂語動詞。其作用在於幫助構成各種時態、語態、否定、疑問等。下面是小編精心為您整理的,希望您喜歡!

  1、助動詞be***am, is, are, was, were, being, been***的用法

  ***1*** be後跟現在分詞構成進行時態。

  Who is playing the violin?誰在拉小提琴?

  She was reading a book then.那時她正在讀書。

  ***2***be後跟過去分詞構成被動語態。

  He was asked to do the work.有人要他幹這件工作。

  You are invited to attend the meetintg.有人邀請你參加會議。

  ***3***be 後跟不定式作謂語,有如下幾種情況:

  ①表示計劃、安排將要發生的事。

  Who are we to meet?我們要見誰呀?

  I'm to have supper with John this afternoon.今天下午我要與約翰一起吃晚飯。

  ②表示指示、命令,否定式表禁止。

  You are to see the headmaster today.今天你必須去見校長。

  You are not to enter the room without permission.未經允許你不能進入房間。

  ③表示義務、責任等,同should。

  You are to be back before 5.你得在5點鐘以前回來。

  What is to be done?該幹什麼。

  ④表示可能性,與情態動詞may, can同義。

  Such books are to be found in any library.這種書任何圖書館都有。

  Not a sound was to be heard.一點聲響也沒有。

  ⑤表示後來發生的事,可以用來表示命運或註定

  They say good-bye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.他們告別了,沒想到再也不能相見了。

  He was to regret the decision.他有一天會後悔做出這一決定的。

  ⑥用於習語

  Where am I to go? 我該向何處去?

  What am I to do? 我該怎麼辦?

  2、助動詞have***has, had, having***的用法

  ***1***助動詞have可以構成完成時或完成進行時

  He has been a doctor for 10 years.他當醫生十年了。

  This is the place I have been longing to visit.這就是我一直渴望參觀的地方。

  ***2***和不定式構成謂語,表示客觀上不得不做的事情。

  We've missed the train. We'll have to wait for another one.我們己經誤了火車,我們只能等下一列。

  -Do we have to start work?我們得立刻工作嗎?

  -No. We don't have to.不,不必了。

  3、do***does, did*** 的用法

  ***1***構成疑問句或否定句

  How did you know about it?你是怎樣知道這件事的。

  He does not smoke. 他不抽菸。

  ***2***加強語氣。

  He did tell that.他的確告訴了此事。

  Do come and see us.一定來看我們。

  ***3***代替前面剛出現的動詞,避免重複。

  -You like popular music, don't you?你喜歡流行音樂,是吧?

  -Yes , I do.是的,我喜歡。

  He speaks French as fluently as she does.他講法語和她講的一樣流利。

  ***4***用於倒裝句中。

  Never did he pay attention to my words.他從不注意我的話。

  Only then did I understand the importance of English.只是那時,我才瞭解到英語的重要性。

  ***5***構成否定的祈使句。

  Don't be so careless.不要那麼粗心。

  Do not hesitate to come for help.只管來求助。

  4、shall***should***和will***would*** 的用法

  ***1***shall***should***用於第一人稱的將來時中,單純表示來

  I shall think it over.我要好好考慮一下。

  When shall I see you again?我何時再見到你?

  I rang up to tell her that I should leave for London. 我打電話告訴她我要去倫敦。

  ***2***will用於第二、第三人稱的將來時態中,在現代英語中可以用於所有人稱

  He will be 30 next month. 他下月將是30歲。

  You will have an English test tomorrow.明天你有英語小測驗。

  He wanted to know when you would finish the writing.他想知道你何時完成寫作。