英語語法長難句與必背英語句型

　　如何輕鬆搞定長難句? 想必各位同學都聽過 長難句 , 也深知長難句是寫作高分亮點, 如何學好英語?小編在這裡整理了相關資料，快來學習學習吧!

　　英語長難句分析之基礎語法

　　名詞性從句之名詞性從句

　　主語從句可以按其引導詞的不同分為三類：

　　第一類,用從屬連詞that 引導的主語從句,例如：

　　That we shall be late is certain.

　　That the driver could not control his car was obvious.

　　這種結構主要是對that 從句的內容進行強調,屬正式文體,連詞that 不可以省略;但是在一般情況下,往往使用先行it 結構,即用it 作形式主語,而把that 從句放到後面,這時,在口語中,連詞that 有時則可以省略.所以上述兩句可以改為：

　　It is certain that we shall be late.

　　It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.

　　如果整個句子是疑問形式,就只能用先行it 結構,例如：

　　Is it true that he would take the risk?

　　Is it possible that they will come tomorrow?

　　常使用先行it 結構,用that 從句作主語的句子有下列幾個句型：

　　1、It + be + 形容詞+ that 從句：

　　It is clear that he was telling the truth.

　　It’s probable that we’ll be a little late.

　　2、It + be + 名詞片語+ that 從句：

　　It’s a pity that you can’t go with us.

　　3、It + 及物動詞+ 賓語+ that 從句：

　　It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.

　　It shocked me that Peter didn’t tell anybody where he was.

　　4、It + be + 過去分詞+ that 從句：

　　It is said that he has been there many times.

　　5、It + seem/happen/appear 等不及物動詞+ that 從句：

　　It seems that he has lost something.

　　注意：

　　在上述第1 和第2 兩種句型中,that 從句前置與使用先行it,that 從句後置在意義上沒有什麼差異;但使用先行it 結構較為常見.

　　在第3 種句型中,that 從句前置在語法上是可能的,但實際上並不常見,通常總是使用先行it 結構.

　　第4 種句型實質上是被動結構,由於that 從句不可以位於句首作被動句的主語,所以只能使用先行it 結構.

　　第5 種句型已經形成了固定的搭配關係,that 從句不能前置,只能使用先行it 結構,不過,這種結構可以轉換為帶有不定式的簡單句,例如：

　　It happened that I had no money with me that day.

　　→ I happened to have no money with me that day.

　　第二類,用連線代詞who、whose、which、what,連線副詞when、where、how、why,以及連詞whether***或if***引導的主語從句,例如：

　　Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.

　　→ It is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident.

　　What he did is not yet known.

　　→ It is not yet known what he did.

　　Whether it is true remains a problem.

　　→ It remains a problem whether / if it is true.

　　從以上例句可以看出,這類主語從句可以直接放在句首作主語,也可以使用先行it 結構,把主語從句放在後面,兩種結構可以互換,意義上無差異,但用if 引導主語從句時,只能採取先行it 結構,也就是說if 不可以引導置於句首的主語從句.

　　第三類,用what、whatever、where、wherever、whoever、whichever 等代詞引導的主語從句,例如：

　　What he said at the meeting encouraged everyone.

　　Whoever fails to see this will make a big blunder.

　　這類從句一般相當於帶有定語從句所修飾的名詞片語,即在結構上相當於一個名詞加上一個定語從句,例如：

　　What he wants to buy is a ten-speed bicycle.

　　→ The thing that he wants to buy is a ten-speed bicycle.

　　Whoever breaks the law is sure to be punished.

　　→ Anyone who breaks the law is sure to be punished.

　　切記,這類主語從句不可以使用先行it 結構.

　　上述第二類主語從句與第三類主語從句儘管在形式上十分相似,但實際上是不同的.第二類結構中用連線代/副詞引導的從句系由特殊疑問句轉化而來,以whether/if 引導的從句系由一般疑問句轉化而來,自然含有疑問的意味,例如：

　　When they will have the sports meet is still a question.

　　→ When will they have the sports meet?

　　Who he is doesn’t concern me.

　　→ Who is he?

　　Whether he will join us won’t make too much difference.

　　→ Will he join us?

　　而第三類結構中的主語從句則沒有疑問的意味.

　　試比較下列各句：

　　① What caused the accident is a complete mystery.

　　② What caused the accident was a broken bottle.

　　③ What she looks like doesn’t matter.

　　④ What she’d like is a digital watch.

　　上述各句中儘管都有一個以what 引導的主語從句,但其意義不盡相同;第①和③句中的主語從句系由“What caused

　　the accident?”和“What does she look like?”轉化而來,所以可以改成：

　　It is a complete mystery what caused the accident.

　　It doesn’t matter what she looks like.

　　第②④句中的主語從句含義分別為“The thing that caused the accident”和“The thing which she’d like”,所以不含疑問意味,因此不可以說：

　　It was a broken bottle what caused the accident.

　　It is a digital watch what she’d like.

　　但是可以說：

　　It was a broken bottle that caused the accident.

　　It is a digital watch that she’d like.

　　不過,這已不是主語從句,而是強調結構了.

　　學好初中英語的必背句型

　　句型31：keep sb. / sth. +adj/doing/介詞短語/adv

　　You must keep your room clean.

　　你們必須保持房間乾淨。

　　Sorry to have kept you waiting.

　　對不起，讓你久等。

　　Can you keep her in the room ?

　　你能讓她在這個房裡嗎?

　　Keep them there.

　　讓她們在那兒呆著。

　　句型32：find +賓語+賓補

　　He finds it very hard to travel around the big city .

　　他發現要環遊這個大城市是很難的。

　　句型33：... not ... any more/ longer

　　The old man doesn't travel any more.

　　這位老人不再旅行了。

　　He isn't a thief any longer.

　　他不再是個賊。

　　句型34：What’s the weather like...?

　　What's the weather like in spring in your hometown ?

　　你們家鄉春天天氣怎麼樣?

　　句型35：There is no time to do sth;sb have no time to do sth

　　There was no time to think.

　　沒有時間思考。

　　I have no time to go home for lunch.

　　我沒有時間回家吃午飯。

　　句型36：Help oneself to...

　　Help yourself to some fish.

　　吃魚吧!

　　句型37：used to do sth

　　I used to read this kind of story books.

　　我過去常讀這種故事書。

　　句型38：borrow ... from...

　　I borrowed an English book from him.

　　我從他那借了一本英語書。

　　句型39：lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb.

　　He lent me a story book=He lent a story book to me.

　　他借我一本故事書。

　　句型40：have been to...

　　Have you ever been to CHINA?

　　你曾去過中國嗎?

　　句型41：have gone to...

　　Where's he?He's gone to China.

　　他在哪兒?他去中國了。

　　句型42：be famous for...

　　Hawaii is famous for its beautiful beaches.

　　夏威夷以它美麗的海灘而出名。

　　句型43：No matter +疑問句+主句

　　No matter when you come，you are welcomed.

　　無論你們什麼時候來，都受歡迎。

　　句型44：be afraid of / to do / that...

　　I'm afraid not.

　　恐怕不能。

　　Don't be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English.

　　當說英語時不要害怕犯錯誤。

　　句型45：... as ... as possible;... as ... as sb can

　　I hope to see him as soon as possible.

　　我希望能儘快見到他。

　　He ran here as fast as he could.

　　他盡最大努力跑到這兒。

　　句型46：practise / enjoy / finish doing

　　A young man practised speaking English with Mr Brown.

　　一個年青人和布朗先生練習說英語。

　　Tom enjoys playing football very much.

　　湯姆很喜歡踢足球。

　　He finished reading the story book.

　　他看完了那本故事書。

　　句型47：It’s said that ...

　　It’s said that one of the most dangerous sharks is the Great White Shark.

　　據說最危險的鯊魚之一是大白鯊。

　　句型48：Not all / everyone ...

　　Not all birds are alike.

　　並不是所有的鳥都一樣。

　　句型49：be based on

　　His argument is based on facts.

　　他的論斷是以事實為根據的。

　　句型50：... so that ...

　　They got up early so that they could catch the eraly bus.

　　為了能趕上早班車，她們早早就起床了。

　　句型51：be+num. +metres / kilometres / years...+long / wide / deep / high / old...

　　The Great Green Wall is 7，000 kilometres long.

　　綠色長城長7000公里。

　　The river is about 2 metres deep.

　　這條河大約有2米深。

　　The boy is about 12 years old .

　　這個男孩約12歲。

　　句型52：keep ... from doing

　　The heavy rain kept us from starting out.

　　大雨阻止了我們出發。

　　句型53：with one’s help...

　　With your help，I've come to Nanjing to study further. 在你的幫助下，我來南京深造。

　　句型54：I don’t think ...

　　I don't think any of them is important.

　　我不認為他們中任何一個是重要的。

　　句型55：What’s the population of ...?

　　What's the population of Nanjing ?

　　南京人口有多少?

　　句型56：prefer to do … rather than do

　　They prefer to buy a new one rather than repair it.

　　他們更喜歡買一輛新車，而不願去修理它。

　　句型57：be worth ***doing*** …

　　This book is worth reading.

　　這本書值得讀。

　　句型58：regard … as...

　　We regard him as a real friends of us.

　　我們把他看做一位真正的朋友。

　　句型59：be confident of

　　He is confident of getting the first place.

　　他對拿第一有信心。

　　句型60：be angry with / about / at***doing***

　　We are all very angry with ourselves.

　　我們都很生自己的氣。

　　I was angry about his decision to build a factory here.

　　我很生氣他決定把工廠建在這兒。

　　I was angry at being kept waiting.

　　這樣一直等我很生氣。

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