秋日登吳公臺上寺遠眺

卡特(1924年～)

Carter,Jimmy，原名James Earl Carter,Jr.。

美國第三十九任總統（1977～1981）。花生批發商、喬治亞州州議員之子。畢業於亞那波里斯的美國海軍軍官學校，曾在海軍服役，1953年其父去世，卡特即辭去軍職，返家經營家族的花生生意。1962～1966年擔任喬治亞州參議員。1971～1975年任喬治亞州州長。他開放政府部門引用黑人及婦女，對預算採取更嚴格的管理辦法。1976年雖然缺乏全國性政治的基礎和有力人士支援，但他終於贏得民主黨提名，最後還擊敗共和黨現任總統福特（G. Ford），當選為總統。在總統任內，他促使埃及和以色列締結一項和約；與巴拿馬簽署一項條約，規定1999年後巴拿馬運河成為中立地帶；並與中國建立全面的外交關係。1979～1980年伊朗人質危機事件成為他政治上的一大包袱。1979年蘇聯進兵阿富汗，他採取較為強硬的措施，禁止美國谷物輸往蘇聯，並抵制1980年在莫斯科舉辦的夏季奧運會。由於國內通貨膨脹率逐年升高，經濟蕭條情況未獲改善，所以在1981年尋求連任時，敗給共和黨總統侯選人雷根。後來在若干國家的各式衝突中擔當一種自由外交大使的角色，並在一些國家幫忙監督選舉，以確保民主傳統的實施。

English version：

1924年～

Carter,Jimmy

39th president of the U.S. (1977-81). Born in Plains,Ga.,he graduated from Annapolis and served in the U.S. Navy until 1953,when he left to manage the family peanut business. He served in the state senate 1962-66. Elected governor (1971-75),he opened Georgia's government offices to blacks and women and introduced stricter budgeting procedures for state agencies. In 1976,though lacking a national political base or major backing,he won the Democratic nomination and the presidency,defeating the sitting president,Gerald Ford. As president,he helped negotiate a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel,signed a treaty with Panama to make the Panama Canal a neutral zone after 1999,and established full diplomatic relations with China. In 1979-80 the Iran hostage crisis became a major political liability. He responded more forcefully to the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan in 1979,embargoing the shipment of U.S. grain to that country and pressing for a U.S. boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. Hampered by high inflation and a recession engineered to tame it,he lost his bid for reelection to Ronald Reagan. He subsequently became involved in numerous international diplomatic negotiations and helped oversee elections in countries with insecure democratic traditions.