初二英語語法複習

　　英語語法的掌握是學好英語的重要步驟。下面是小編為大家收集整理，相信這些文字對你會有所幫助的。
 

　　***一***

　　主動語態比被動語態直接而有力，多用主動語態，可以使文章充滿朝氣，呈現活力。在下列兩組句子中， ***b***比***a***有力：

　　***1***a.My first visit to New Zealand will always be remembered by me.

　　b. I will always remember my first visit to New Zealand.

　　***2***a.The crowing of cocks could be heard at dawn.

　　b. The cocks' crow came with dawn.

　　雖然如此，在某些情況下，非用被動語態不可。前此已提過這事，這裡不再重述。這裡只有指出其中一點，就是有些動詞，如 "base, schedule, expect, suppose" 等，通常以被動語態形式出現。

　　例如：

　　***1***This survey was based on facts.

　　***2***The last train is scheduled to leave at 9pm.

　　***3***You are expected to come on time.

　　***4***All are supposed to work hard.

　　除了上述這些動詞之外，還有十種，幾乎都以被動式出現。

　　***一***有關“疾病”的動詞，如：

　　***1***Helen's left lung is infected.

　　***2***He is confined to the house by illness.

　　***3***The old man was seized with sudden chest pains.

　　***二***有關“疲乏”的動詞，如：

　　***4***I am completely exhausted after the game.

　　***5***Tom was done up after the race.

　　***三***有關“喜樂”的動詞，如：

　　***6***The children were fascinated by the toys.

　　***7***We were delighted to hear the good news.

　　***8***I am very pleased to see you here.

　　***四***有關“延遲”或“障礙”的動詞，如：

　　***9***The workers were held up by the heavy rain.

　　***10***The road was blocked by ice.

　　***11***The train was delayed by 30 minutes.

　　***五***有關“慣性動作”的動詞，如：

　　***12***Tom is addicted to smoking.

　　***13***Foreign workers are quite used to hard work.

　　***六***有關“煩惱”或“焦急”的動詞，如：

　　***14***Who was upset by John?

　　***15***Mother was annoyed to know this.

　　***七***有關“驚奇”或“震驚”的動詞，如：

　　***16***I was surprised to see him here.

　　***17***All were shocked to hear the bad news.

　　***八***有關“包圍”的動詞，如：

　　***18***The troops were surrounded.

　　***19***Troy was besieged.

　　***九***有關“沾汙”或“汙化”的動詞，如：

　　***20***Judy's reputation is tarnished.

　　***21***The water was contaminated with oil.

　　***十***有關“害怕”或“混亂”的動詞，如：

　　***22***All were frightened out of their wits.

　　***23***He was puzzled about what to do next.

　　要注意的一點是，上面這十類動詞有些已漸漸失去了動詞力量，轉化為慣用語。

 

　　***二***

　　連線詞及其用法

　　從結構上說，英語連線詞分兩大類：並列連詞***coordinating conjunctions***和從屬連詞***subordinating conjunctions***。

　　並列連詞連線兩個或兩個以上地位平等的字、片語或分句。例如：***1***Air and water are indispensable to me.

　　***2***She likes going out with friends or playing outdoor games.

　　***3***Most workers have a good income, so they look very happy.

　　從屬連詞連線兩個或兩個以上的分句，形成複雜句中的從屬分句。例如：

　　***4***He said that he did not want to go .

　　***5***Many things have happened since I last saw him.

　　***6***You may come if you want to.

　　上述連詞的用法，看起來不難，但錯誤也難免。下面是些好例子：

　　***1***This book may be used both as a text as well as a reference book.

　　這裡的“as well as”和“both”不能搭配，應該將“as well ”改為“and”，使“both……and……”變成關聯連詞*** correlative conjunction***

　　***2***He not only speaks Mandarin but also English.

　　這裡的“not only”應該移到“speaks”後面，使這個動詞兼顧兩個等立賓語：“Mandarin”和“English”。

　　***3***Although he is fat, but he is very weak.

　　英語裡的“although”和“but”是不見面的 ，因此這句裡的“ but”要去掉，不然“although”就要出來。

　　***4***Jim is not so strong like you.

　　這裡的“not so”必須和“as”連成一體;介詞“like”是不適宜的。

　　***5***No sooner had we reached our destination, they left.

　　"No sooner"必須和"than" 配成關聯連詞，把"than" 省掉是不對的，應該補上：

　　No sooner had we reached our destination than they left.

　　這句子的意思也可透過“as soon as”反映出來：

　　“As soon as we reached our destination, they left.”

　　***6***I took a taxi and which took me to the station.

　　這裡的並列連詞“and”是多餘的，必須去掉。如果要保留“and ”也可，但是形容詞分句裡的關係代詞“Which”要改成主語“it” ，使整個句子變成並列分句如下：

　　I took a taxi and it took me to the station.

　　***7***My friend came up to me and held my hand, said good-bye excitedly.

　　這裡的“and”應該用來連線最後兩個謂語才對：

　　My friend came up to me, held my hand, and said good-bye excitedly.

　　不然，就要把“said”改成“saying”。

　　My friend came up to me and held my hand, saying good-bye excitedly.