非謂語動詞等語法專案的測試特點和應對策略

 一、 非謂語動詞
  近幾年的語法測試中非謂語動詞約佔31.1%,平均每年近5道題,可謂是語法專案考查的重點,那麼非謂語動詞的考查都有哪些特點,解答時又應注意些什麼呢?下面我和大家就一起來分析一下:
  1、非謂語動詞考查特點
  1*** 謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的判斷
  對謂語動詞與非謂語動詞區別的考查主要集中在獨立主格結構,如:
  all things ___ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing buttake the train.***1999.1***
  a. had been canceled b. have been canceled
  c. were canceled d. having been canceled
  四個選項中有三個是謂語動詞,只有d是非謂語動詞,只要同學們能判斷出這裡是非謂語動詞做狀語,則不用考慮時態的問題,答案自明。
  2*** 謂語動詞後不定式與動名詞的選擇
  謂語動詞後接不定式還是接動名詞也是四級語法測試中的一個題眼。如:
  ① i don’t mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.
  ***2000.1***
  a. you to delay making b. your delaying making
  c. your delaying to make d. you delay to make
  ② had i remembered ____ the windows, the thief would not have
  got in.***1996.1***
  a. to close b. closing 
  c. to have closed d. having closed
  ③ your hair wants ______ . you’d better have it done tomorrow.
  a. cut b. to cut c. cutting d. being cut***1997.6***
  這類題涉及三個方面:
  謂語動詞後應該接不定式還是動名詞?
  即可接不定式又可接動名詞時,結構和意思上有何差別?
  不定式與動名詞用主動形式還是用被動形式?
  3*** 做定語的非謂語動詞的選擇
  從近幾年的考查情況來看,對做定語的非謂語動詞的考查有兩種情況:
  ***1***對一般概念的考查,而不是固定結構中的非謂語動詞做定語。如:
  ① the project ____ by the end of 2000, will expand the city’s
  telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.***1999.6***
  a. accomplished b. being accomplished
  c. to be accomplished d. having been accomplished 
  ② if i correct someone, i will do it with so much good humor
and self-restraint as if i were the one ______.***1996.6***  
a. to correct b. correcting 
  c. having been corrected d. being corrected
  同學們只要掌握非謂語動詞做定語的一般的規律,就可以判斷①題答案為c,②題答案為d。
  ***2***對固定結構的考查,如:
  ① the professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his 
  arguments in favor of the new theory.***2000.6***
  a. to be based on b. to base on
  c. which to base on d. on which to base 
  ② the pressure _____ causes americans to be energetic, but it 
  also puts them under a constant emotional strain.
  a. to compete b. competing 
  c. to be competed d. having competed
  ①題為不定式做定語的固定形式,答案為d,②題為某些特定名詞的定語結構,答案為a。在英語中有些名詞,如動詞變來的名詞,形容詞變來的名詞,以及means,way, time, moment, reason等要求其後用不定式做定語,不定式沒有體的變化。
  4*** 做狀語的非謂語動詞的選擇
  做狀語的非謂語動詞主要考查其各種形式的選擇,如:
  ① ______ the earth to be flat, many feared that columbus would
  fall off the edge of the earth.***1996.6***
  a. having believed b. believing
  c. believed d. being believed
  ② _______ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at 
  least a master’s degree.***1995.1***
  a. to become b. become c. one becomes d. on becoming
  ③ realizing that he hadn’t enough money and ____ to borrow from 
  his father, he decided to sell his watch.***1995.1***