小學英語重難點知識彙總

  英語是小學的一門重要科目,很多學生都非常的煩惱,只要掌握好了它的知識重難點,就輕鬆多了!

  小學英語重難點知識

  一、語法易錯點

  1. a, an的選擇: 母音字母開頭的單詞用an,子音字母開頭的單詞用a.

  2. am , is , are的選擇: 單數用is , 複數用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.

  3. have , has 的選擇: 表示某人有某物.單數用has , 複數用have. I ,you 用 have .

  4. there is, there are 的選擇:表示某地有某物,某人.單數用there is , 複數用there are.

  5. some, any 的選擇:肯定句用some, 疑問句和否定句用any.

  6. 疑問詞的選擇:what ***什麼*** who ***誰*** where ***哪裡*** whose ***誰的*** why***為什麼***when***什麼時候***which***哪一個***how old ***多大*** how many ***多少***how much***多少錢***

  二:形容詞比較級

  當我們需要對事物作出比較時,需要用到比較級.比較級的句子結構通常是:

  什麼 + 動詞be ***am , is , are *** + 形容詞比較級 + than***比***+ 什麼 ,如:

  I'm taller and heavier than you. ***我比你更高和更重.***

  An elephant is bigger than a tiger. ***一隻大象比一隻老虎更大.***

  形容詞的比較級是在形容詞的基礎上變化而來的,它的變化規則是:

  ① 一般的直接在詞尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,

  ② 以e結尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,

  ③ 以子音字母加y結尾的,先改y為i再加er,如funny - funnier

  ④ 雙寫最後的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter

  ☆注意☆

  比較的兩者應該是互相對應的可比較的東西.

  典型錯誤:My hair is longer than you.***我的頭髮比你更長.***

  比較的兩者是我的頭髮,你***整個人***,那麼比較的物件就沒有可比性.

  應該改為:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.

  三:動詞過去式

  動詞的過去式的構成規則有:

  A,規則動詞

  ① 一般直接在動詞的後面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

  ② 以e結尾的動詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

  ③ 以子音字母加y結尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed***此類動詞較少***如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried ***注意play,stay不是子音字母加y,所以不屬於此類***

  ④ 雙寫最後一個字母***此類動詞較少***如 stopped

  B,不規則動詞***此類詞並無規則,須熟記***小學階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was ,

  are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt

  四:動詞現在分詞詳解

  ① 一般的直接在後面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

  ② 以e 結尾的動詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing

  ③ 雙寫最後一個字母的***此類動詞極少***有:running , swimming , sitting , getting

  五、人稱代詞主格及賓格

  人稱代詞分為主格和賓格,主格和賓格區別:主格和賓格漢語意思相同,但位置不同。

   me ***賓格***"我"

  主格在陳述句中通常放句首,賓格通常放在動詞後或介詞後,也就是說賓格,不放在句首。

  Eg :I have a new car.*** I 主格***

  Excuse me ***me 賓格***

  I ask him to go ***him 賓格***

  They sit in front of me ***me 賓格***

  主格***8個***:I 我you你 he他 she她 it它 we 我們you 你們they他***她、它***們

  賓格***8個***:me我 you你 him 他her她 it它 us我們 you你們 them他***她、它***們

  六:句型專項歸類

  1.肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子,

  如:I'm a student.

  She is a doctor.

  He works in a hospital.

  There are four fans in our classroom.

  2,否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,

  如:I'm not a student.

  He does not ***doesn't*** work in a hospital.

  There are not ***aren't*** four fans in our classroom.

  ☆注意☆ 小結:

  否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎上加上了否定詞 "not".有動詞be的句子則"not"加在be後面,可縮寫成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分開寫.沒有動詞be的句子則要先在主要動詞的前面加上一個助動詞***do,does,did***,然後在它後面加上"not",你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ***.這三個助動詞要根據人稱和時態來選擇,其中"does"只用於一般現在時主語是第三人稱單數的情況,而"did"只用於一般過去時,不論主語是什麼人稱和數,都用"did" .

  3,一般疑問句:是指詢問事實的句子,此類句子必須用"yes",或"no"來回答.

  如:Are you a student ?Yes, I am No, I'm not.

  Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. No, she isn't.

  Does he work in a hospital ?Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.

  Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

  ☆注意☆ 小結:

  一般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎上,

  ①把動詞be調到首位,其他照寫,末尾標點符號變成問號即可.

  ②沒有動詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個助動詞***do,does,did***再把緊跟在後面的動詞變回原形,末尾標點符號變成問號即可.

  這三個助動詞也要根據人稱和時態來選擇,其中"does"只用於一般現在時主語是第三人稱單數的情況,而"did"只用於一般過去時,不論主語是什麼人稱和數,都用"did" .一般疑問句有個重要的原則就是問和答要一致,即問句裡的第一個單詞***助動詞***和簡略答句裡的這個詞是一致的.

  4,特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞***what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等***開頭引導的句子.此類句子應該問什麼就答什麼,不能用"yes ,no"來回答.如:

  What is this?

  Where are you going?

  Who played football with you yesterday afternoon?

  When do you usually get up?

  Why do you like spring best ?

  How are you?

  ☆注意☆ 小結:

  其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問片語用來提問,如: how many***多少***數量******, how much***多少***錢******, how tall***多高***, how long***多長***, how big***多大***, how heavy***多重***

  例句:How many pencils do you have ?

  How many girls can you see ?

  how many 用來提問可數名詞的數量,主要有以上三種搭配,

  How many + 名詞複數 + do you have 你有多少……

  How many + 名詞複數 + can you see 你能看見多少……

  How many + 名詞複數 + are there… 有多少……

  七:完全,縮略形式

  1、簡縮形式的變法:把倒數第二個字母,通常是母音字母變成' 但are除外,are要把a打成' 。Eg:he is=he's they are=they're

  2、簡縮形式和完全形式的漢語意思相同。

  3、把完全形式變成簡縮形式時,一定要注意第一個字母的大小變化。 is =What's

  4、記住一個特殊變化;let's =let us 讓我們***不要把' 變成i***

  5、記住:this is 沒有簡縮形式this's***錯誤***

  6.常見的縮略形式:

  I'm=I am he's=he is she's=she is

  they're=they are you're=you are

  there's=there is they're=they are

  can't=can not don't=do not

  doesn't=does not isn't=is not

  aren't=are not let's=let us

  won't=will not I'll=I will

  wasn't=was not