詠懷古蹟五首·其四

普羅高菲夫(1891~1953年)

Prokofiev,Sergei (Sergeievich)

俄羅斯作曲家和鋼琴家。他是一名鋼琴家的兒子,在五歲時開始學鋼琴,九歲時創作了一部歌劇。他曾在聖彼得堡音樂學院學習(1904~1914),師從林姆斯基-高沙可夫和其他的音樂家。他多產而高傲,1910年起開始靠當鑑賞家為生。他在畢業演出時演奏了自己的第一首協奏曲。在第一次世界大戰期間,他寫了《西徐亞組曲》(1915)和他的第一部(古典)交響曲(1917)。1912年他的歌劇《三個橘子的愛情》在芝加哥上演。從1922年起,巴黎成了他的據點,他在1920年代完成了三部新的交響樂和完整的歌劇《憤怒的天使》(1927)和《賭徒》(1928)。在1930年代,他回到了俄羅斯,寫了很多芭蕾劇,包括《羅蜜歐與茱麗葉》(1936)和《彼得與狼》(1936)等,併為愛森斯坦的電影《亞歷山大.涅夫斯基》(1938)創作了歌曲。在第二次世界大戰的影響下,他為愛森斯坦的電影《恐怖的伊凡》(1942~1945)創作了歌曲,並寫了歌劇《戰爭與和平》(1943)。政府在1948年對他的作品的譴責對普羅高菲夫而言是一個沈重的打擊,健康狀況每況愈下,並同史達林在同一天去世。

English version:

1891~1953年

Prokofiev,Sergei (Sergeievich)

Russian composer and pianist. Son of a pianist,he began writing piano pieces at age 5 and wrote an opera at 9. He studied at the St. Petersburg Conservatory (1904-14) with N. Rimsky-Korsakov and others. Prolific and arrogant,from 1910 he made a living by performing as a virtuoso. He played his own first concerto at his graduation recital. During World War I he wrote his Scythian Suite (1915) and First (“Classical”) Symphony (1917). His opera The Love for Three Oranges premiered in 1921 in Chicago. Paris was his base from 1922,and the 1920s saw three new symphonies and the completed operas The Fiery Angel (1927) and The Gambler (1928). In the 1930s,he was drawn back to Russia; there he wrote scores for the ballet Romeo and Juliet (1936),Peter and the Wolf (1936),and Sergei Eisenstein's film Alexander Nevsky (1938). World War II inspired the score to Eisenstein's Ivan the Terrible (1942-45) and the opera War and Peace (1943). The government's denunciation of his work in 1948 was a harsh blow; his health failed,and he died on the same day as Joseph Stalin.